杀菌剂甲基托布津和多菌灵对泥鳅的急性毒性及肝脏酶活性的影响  

Effects of Fungicides Methyltobuzine and Carbendazim on Acute Toxicity and Liver Enzyme Activities of Loach

作　　者：谭婷 杨超超 杨娜 王琪 雷忻[1,2] TAN Ting;YANG Chaochao;YANG Na;WANG Qi;LEI Xin(School of Life Sciences,Yan'an University,Yan'an 716000,China;Yan'an Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration,Yan'an 716000,China)

机构地区：[1]延安大学生命科学学院,陕西延安716000 [2]延安市生态恢复重点实验室,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2024年第1期60-66,共7页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划面上项目(2021JM-417);延安市科技惠民计划项目(2017HM-05)。

摘　　要：为了解甲基托布津(Methyltobuzine,TM)和多菌灵(Carbendazim,BCM)对水生动物的毒性效应,在水温(25±2)℃下,将平均体长(6.3±0.7)cm和平均质量(2.4±0.5)g的6月龄泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)置于65 mg·L^(-1)、85 mg·L^(-1)、112 mg·L^(-1)、146 mg·L^(-1)、191 mg·L^(-1)TM和26 mg·L^(-1)、34 mg·L^(-1)、45 mg·L^(-1)、58 mg·L^(-1)、76mg·L^(-1)BCM下,采用半静水实验法,研究TM和BCM的24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h的半致死浓度(LC50)和24 h安全浓度(SC);并在0.05 mg·L^(-1)、0.50 mg·L^(-1)、5.00 mg·L^(-1)TM和0.02 mg·L^(-1)、0.10 mg·L^(-1)、0.50 mg·L^(-1)、2.50 mg·L^(-1)BCM中胁迫7 d、14 d、21 d、28 d,检测泥鳅肝脏过氧化物酶(POD)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性变化。结果表明,TM对泥鳅的24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h LC50分别为35.48 mg·L^(-1)、26.98 mg·L^(-1)、17.25 mg·L^(-1)和10.03 mg·L^(-1),24 h SC为6.16 mg·L^(-1);BCM对泥鳅的24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h LC50分别为23.53 mg·L^(-1)、17.66 mg·L^(-1)、6.54 mg·L^(-1)和3.58 mg·L^(-1),24 h SC为3.98 mg·L^(-1);TM和BCM胁迫下POD、GOT、GPT活性随浓度升高呈现先上升后下降的趋势,随着胁迫时间延长各参数的活性呈下调趋势。BCM处理组较TM处理组变化趋势更显著。综上所述,TM对6月龄泥鳅具有低毒性作用,BCM对6月龄泥鳅则具有中等毒性作用;一定剂量TM和BCM长期胁迫对泥鳅造成严重影响,对POD、GPT、GOT活性具有明显抑制作用,随胁迫时间延长抑制加剧,其中BCM较TM抑制作用更强。In order to understand the toxic effects of Methyltobuzine(TM) and Carbendazim(BCM) on aquatic animals,6-month-old loach(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) with average body length of(6.3 ± 0.7) cm and body weight of(2.4 ± 0.5) g were exposed to TM concentrations of 65 mg·L^(-1),85 mg·L^(-1),112 mg·L^(-1),146 mg·L^(-1)and 191 mg·L^(-1)and BCM concentrations of 26 mg·L^(-1),34 mg·L^(-1),45mg·L^(-1),58 mg·L^(-1),and 76 mg·L^(-1)at water temperature of(25 ± 2) ℃,using semi-static water test method to probe into the median-lethal concentration(LC50) and 24-h safe concentration(SC) of TM and BCM at 24 h,48 h,72 h,and 96 h.Then,changes in the activities of liver peroxidase(POD),alanine aminotransferase(GPT),and aspartate aminotransferase(GOT) were detected in the6-month-old loach exposed to 0.05 mg·L^(-1),0.50 mg·L^(-1),and 5.00 mg·L^(-1)TM and 0.02 mg·L^(-1),0.10 mg·L^(-1),0.50 mg·L^(-1)and 2.50 mg·L^(-1)BCM stress for 7 d,14 d,21 d and 28 d.The results showed that the LC50of TM for loach was 35.48 mg·L^(-1)in 24 h,26.98 mg·L^(-1)in 48 h,17.25 mg·L^(-1)in 72 h and 10.03 mg·L^(-1)in 96 h,with the 24 h SC of 6.16 mg·L^(-1).The LC50of BCM to loach was 23.53 mg·L^(-1)in 24 h,17.66 mg·L^(-1)in 48 h,6.54 mg·L^(-1)in 72 h,and 3.58 mg·L^(-1)in 96 h,with the 24 h SC of 3.98 mg·L^(-1).The activities of POD,GOT and GPT were increased first and then decreased with the increase in concentrations of TM and BCM,showing a downward trend with the extension of stress time,and the more significant change trend of BCM in treatment groups than that in TM treatment groups.In summary,TM had low toxic effect on 6-month-old loaches,while BCM had moderate toxic effect on 6-month-old loaches.Long-term stress with a certain dose of TM and BCM led to serious effect on loach,and the significant inhibition of the activities of POD,GPT and GOT,BCM having stronger inhibitory effect than TM.

关 键 词：泥鳅 甲基托布津 多菌灵 急性毒性 酶活性 

分 类 号：S965.119[农业科学—水产养殖]