不同底质和光周期对青蛤潜沙和摄食行为的影响  

Effects of Different Substrates and Photoperiods on Burrowing and Feeding Behavior of Clam Cyclina sinensis

作　　者：魏敏 宋杰 刘玉 李德盛 秦俊杰 刘潘江 徐晓怀 姚顺 管彬 单昕 马欣然 孙雨绮 郑伟 WEI Min;SONG Jie;LIU Yu;LI Desheng;QIN Junjie;LIU Panjiang;XU Xiaohuai;YAO Shun;GUAN Bin;SHAN Xin;MA Xinran;SUN Yuqi;ZHENG Wei(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology,Jiangsu Ocean University,Lianyungang 222005,China;Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology,Jiangsu Ocean University,Lianyungang 222005,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏海洋大学,江苏省海洋生物资源与生态环境重点实验室/江苏省海洋生物技术重点实验室,江苏连云港222005 [2]江苏海洋大学,江苏省海洋生物产业技术协同创新中心,江苏连云港222005

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2024年第1期90-95,共6页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金(BK20191008);江苏省六大人才高峰项目(NY-113);江苏省优势学科建设工程资助项目;江苏省研究生科研与实验创新计划项目(KYCX2022-62、KYCX2021-067);江苏海洋大学大学生实践创新培训计划(SY202111641631002)。

摘　　要：在(25±3)℃下,将2龄青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)放在30 cm×30 cm×30 cm的人工调控水温、光照和声音的养殖暗箱中,每箱放8个。开关箱盖上的LED光源模拟有光(12 h)和无光(12 h)条件,箱底铺10 cm厚全泥(含沙量0%组),沙泥比1∶3(25%沙组)、沙泥比1∶1(50%沙组)、沙泥比3∶1(75%沙组)和全沙(100%沙组),每天早晚各投喂小球藻1次,连续投喂3天,用摄像头拍摄记录青蛤在不同底质和光照时长下的潜沙行为和摄食活动,测定其消化酶和代谢酶的活性,研究光照对青蛤摄食和消化代谢的影响。结果发现青蛤的潜沙行为大致分为五个步骤:伸出水管,伸出斧足,竖壳,钻泥,潜沙;黑暗条件下潜沙时间较短。青蛤白天的摄食活动时长明显低于黑暗条件下,摄食活动时间主要集中在19:00—22:00;α-淀粉酶和丙酮酸激酶在自然光照组(12h黑暗∶12 h光照)中酶活达到最高,胃蛋白酶、己糖激酶和乳酸脱氢酶在24 h黑暗条件下酶活最高。实验结果表明,青蛤更喜在黑暗条件下的进行潜沙、摄食及体内消化代谢等活动。Two-year-old clam(Cyclina sinensis) were placed in a 30 cm×30 cm×30 cm artificially controlled water temperature,light and sound culture tank at a density of 8 individuals per tank at room temperature of(25 ± 3) ℃.The LED light source on the box simulated photoperiod of light(12 h) and dark(12 h),and the bottom of the tank was covered with 10 cm thick whole mud(0% sand group),sand-to-mud ratio of 1∶3(25% sand group),sand-mud ratio of 1∶1(50% sand group),sand-mud ratio of 3∶1(75% sand group) and whole sand(100% sand group).Green alga Chlorella was fed once a day in the morning and evening,and burrowing and feeding behavior of the clam were recorded by a camera to investigate effects of different substrates and photoperiods on burrowing and feeding behavior of the clam.The results showed that the burrowing behavior of the clam was primarily divided into five steps:extending the siphon tube,extending the foot,erecting the shell,drilling the mud and completing the burrowing.Moreover,the shorter time of burrowing was observed under dark conditions.The observation found that the clam had significantly lower feeding activity during the light period than that under dark conditions,with feeding activity mainly from 19:00 to 22:00.There were the peak activities of α-amylase and pyruvate kinase in the natural light group(12 h dark∶12 h light),and the maximal activities of pepsin,hexokinase,and lactate dehydrogenase under 24 h dark conditions.The findings indicate that the clam C.sinensis prefers to carry out activities including burrowing,feeding,digestion and metabolism under dark conditions.

关 键 词：青蛤 潜沙 摄食 酶活 昼夜节律 

分 类 号：S968.31[农业科学—水产养殖]