基于质量谱模型评估捕捞对蜈支洲岛海洋牧场鱼类群落的影响  

Assessing the impacts of fishing on fish community in marine ranch of the Wuzhizhou Island based on size-spectrum model

作　　者：乔家乐 栗小东 李建龙 夏锴铭 刘琦 王迎宾 Qiao Jiale;Li Xiaodong;Li Jianlong;Xia Kaiming;Liu Qi;Wang Yingbin(School of Fishery,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China;College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Department of Marine Sciences,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学水产学院,浙江舟山316022 [2]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [3]海南大学海洋学院,海南海口570228 [4]海南大学南海海洋资源利用国家重点实验室,海南海口570228

出　　处：《海洋学报》2024年第1期64-76,共13页

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项项目(2019YFD0901304);浙江省基础公益计划项目(LGN21C190009);舟山市科技局项目(2022C41003)。

摘　　要：基于生态系统的渔业管理的理念已得到广泛认同,但其在海洋牧场建设中的应用仍非常少见。本研究根据2020−2021年在蜈支洲岛海域开展的渔业资源底拖网调查数据,构建了海洋牧场鱼类群落的质量谱模型(SSM),反映了海洋牧场中食物网的复杂结构以及种间相互作用,以评估捕捞对海洋牧场鱼类群落的影响。研究通过对两种管理策略(单物种管理和多物种管理)的模拟,分析特定种类的捕捞死亡系数变化对鱼类群落产生的影响,并利用群落总生物量、质量谱斜率、平均最大质量、平均质量和大型鱼类指数5种群落生态指标监测了鱼类群落的特征状态。单物种管理策略结果显示,蜈支洲岛海洋牧场生态系统呈现下行控制效应,肉食性鱼类对浮游生物食性鱼类存在着强烈的调控作用。捕捞死亡系数变化后,不同物种间竞争捕食等复杂的相互作用会产生营养级联效应。多物种管理策略结果显示,灰海鳗(Muraenesox cinereus)的捕捞死亡系数对群落质量谱斜率影响最大,大头狗母鱼(Trachiocephalus myops)和灰海鳗的捕捞死亡系数对鱼类群落生物量和群落结构及功能的影响最大。研究结果对于保护和维持鱼类群落稳定方面具有重要意义,能够帮助管理者更好地了解捕捞死亡系数变化对鱼类群落产生的潜在影响,从而根据物种对渔业的重要性制定可行且有效的保护和管理策略。The concept of ecosystem-based fisheries management has been widely recognized,but it’s application in the construction of marine ranch is still very rare.In this study,based on the data from a bottom trawl survey of fishery resources conducted in the waters of Wuzhizhou Island from 2020 to 2021,a marine ranch fish community size-spectrum model(SSM)was built,which reflects the complex structure of food webs and interspecies interactions in marine ranch,to assess the impacts of fishing on the fish community in marine ranch.The study analyzed the effects of changes in species-specific fishing death coefficient on fish community by simulating two management strategies(single-species management and multispecies management)and monitored the state of fish community characteristics using five community ecological indicators:the total biomass of the community,the slope of size spectrum,the mean maximum weight,the mean weight,and the large fish index.The results of the single-species management strategy showed that the marine ranch ecosystem of Wuzhizhou Island showed top-down control,and there was a strong regulatory effect of carnivorous fish on plankton-feeding fish.Complex interactions such as competitive predation among different species produce trophic cascade effects after changes in fishing death coefficient.The results of the multispecies management strategy showed that fishing death coefficient of Muraenesox cinereus had the greatest effect on the slope of size spectrum,and that fishing death coefficient of Trachiocephalus myops and Muraenesox cinereus had the greatest effect on fish community biomass and community structure and function.The results of this study have important implications for the conservation and stabilization of fish community,and can help managers to better understand the potential impacts of changes in fishing death coefficient rates on fish communities,so that viable and effective conservation and management strategies can be developed based on the importance of the species to the fisher

关 键 词：质量谱模型 海洋牧场 管理策略 生态指标 营养级联 

分 类 号：P714.5[天文地球—海洋科学] S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]