超标型食品犯罪的处罚界限——以122份刑事判决书的实证分析为切入视角  

Punishment Boundaries for Standard-exceeding Food Crimes:From the Perspective of the Empirical Analysis of 122 Criminal Verdicts

作　　者：邓毅丞 胡秀萍 Deng Yicheng;Hu Xiuping(School of Law,South China Normal University,Key Laboratory for the Application of Artificial Intelligence Laws in Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510006)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学法学院、广东省高校人工智能法律应用重点实验室,广东广州510006

出　　处：《山东警察学院学报》2023年第6期103-113,共11页Journal of Shandong Police College

基　　金：2022年国家社科基金后期资助重点项目“客观违法论的现代展开”(课题编号:22FFXA004)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：122份刑事判决书的实证数据显示,处罚超标型食品犯罪存在处罚界限模糊、未实质性考虑超标物质的社会危害性、行政执法与刑事司法认定标准不一致等司法难题。为应对此困境,关于超标型食品犯罪的入罪标准,应采取动态标准说。具体而言,首先客观考察行为对法益的侵害程度。在已有严重法益侵害后果的情况下,即可认定超标型食品犯罪的违法性。对于法益侵害程度并不严重的情形,应综合考察超标物质本身的危害性和民众的生活习惯。其一,在超标物质可以通过一般的清洗行为去除,而实际上又没有造成危害后果的场合,不应认定刑事违法性。其二,在消费者没有按照民众一般的生活习惯或者食品的食用指引食用清洗含有超标物质的食品,从而导致危害人体健康的事件发生的场合,不应将该结果归责于食品经营者。Empirical data from 122 criminal verdicts shows that there are judicial challenges in dealing with standard-exceeding food crimes,including unclear punishment boundaries,insufficient consideration of the social harm caused by excessive substances,and inconsistency between administrative law enforcement and criminal justice standards.To address this dilemma,a dynamic standard approach should be adopted for determining the criteria for standard-exceeding food crimes.Specifically,the extent of harm to legal interests should be objectively assessed.If serious harm to legal interests has already occurred,the criminality of standard-exceeding food crimes can be established.For situations where the harm to legal interests is not severe,the harmfulness of excessive substances and the public's dietary habits should be considered comprehensively.Firstly,if excessive substances can be removed by washing and have not caused any harmful consequences,they should not be deemed criminally illegal.Secondly,if consumers fail to follow the general dietary habits or food instruction to wash before eating,thus resulting in harm to human health,the responsibility should not be solely attributed to the food companies.

关 键 词：超标型食品犯罪 处罚界限 实证分析 动态标准说 

分 类 号：D917[政治法律—法学]