受限空间下重复搬举作业腰部肌肉疲劳特征研究  

A Study on the Characteristics of Lumbar Muscle Fatigue during Repeated Lifting Operations in Confined Space

作　　者：刘洋 高志君 王春晨 秦义隆 杨琳 代静 王航 文治洪 曹新生 LIU Yang;GAO Zhi-jun;WANG Chun-chen;QIN Yi-long;YANG Lin;DAI Jing;WANG Hang;WEN Zhi-hong;CAO Xin-sheng(Department of Aerospace Ergonomics,Air Force Military University,Xian 710032,China)

机构地区：[1]空军军医大学航空航天医学系,西安710032

出　　处：《人类工效学》2024年第1期1-5,共5页Chinese Journal of Ergonomics

基　　金：空军军医大学后装保障(卫生勤务)重点学科专项人才资助计划资助(2022SZYH012);国家自然科学基金项目(72001208)。

摘　　要：目的 探讨在高度受限空间下机务人员进行重复搬举作业对腰部肌肉疲劳状特性的影响.方法 以装填火箭弹作业为背景,招募12 名健康在校大学生参与实验,使用表面肌电仪、背力计和Borg's RPE量表记录被试的表面肌电、肌力和主观疲劳数据,分析作业过程肌肉疲劳发展特征.结果 在整个模拟装填火箭弹的过程中,随着装填时间的延长,MVE%(Maximum Voluntary Electrical Activation,MVE%)和RPE(Rating of Perceived Exertion,RPE)值呈上升趋势,腰部肌肉力量和MF(Median Frequency,MF)值呈下降趋势;采用重复测量方差对腰部肌力、MVE%和MF值进行分析,与实验前相比,得出肌力在 20 min后出现明显差异(P<0.05),左侧竖脊肌和多裂肌的MVE%值在10 min出现明显差异性,右侧竖脊肌和多裂肌在15 min出现明显差异性(P<0.05),左、右侧竖脊肌MF值在第15 min开始出现明显差异(P<0.05),左侧多裂肌在第10 min开始出现明显差异(P<0.05),右侧多裂肌MF值在第 20 min开始出现明显差异(P<0.05);经配对t检验分析,左侧竖脊肌和多裂肌疲劳程度大于右侧,且多裂肌大于竖脊肌.结论 在垂直空间受限环境下进行重复搬举作业过程中,会引发竖脊肌和多裂肌疲劳,多裂肌先于竖脊肌发生疲劳,腰部肌力下降明显,容易引起工作相关肌肉骨骼疾病.建议机务人员进行搬举作业,合理安排休息,进行适当活动缓解工作中肌肉疲劳,并且在日常体能训练中加强腰部核心锻炼.Objective To explore the effect of repetitive lifting operations by maintenance personnel in highly confined spaces on the fatigue characteristics of lumbar muscles.Methods Based on the background of rocket loading homework,12 healthy college students were recruited to participate in the experiment.Surface electromyography,back force meter,and Borgs RPE scale were used to record the surface electromyography,muscle strength,and subjective fatigue data of the subjects,and the development characteristics of muscle fatigue during the homework process were analyzed.Results During the entire process of simulating rocket loading,the MVE%and RPE values showed an upward trend with the extension of loading time,while the waist muscle strength and medium frequency(MF)values showed a downward trend;Repeated measurement variance was used to analyze the lumbar muscle strength,MVE%,and MF values.Compared with before the experiment,significant differences in muscle strength were observed after 20 minutes(P<0.05).The MVE%values of the left erector spinalis and multifidus muscles showed significant differences at 10 minutes,while the right erector spinalis and multifidus muscles showed significant differences at 15 minutes(P<0.05).The MF values of the left and right erector spinalis muscles showed significant differences starting from the 15th minute(P<0.05),The left multifidus muscle showed a significant difference starting from the 10th minute(P<0.05),while the MF value of the right multifidus muscle showed a significant difference starting from the 20th minute(P<0.05);Through paired t-test analysis,the fatigue level of the left erector and multifidus muscles was greater than that of the right,and the multifidus muscles were greater than the erector muscles.Conclusion During repeated lifting operations in a confined vertical space environment,fatigue of the erector and multifidus muscles can be induced.The multifidus muscles experience fatigue before the erector muscles,resulting in a significant decrease in lumbar muscle streng

关 键 词：职业工效 航空兵 航空机务 受限空间 搬举 表面肌电 疲劳 肌肉骨骼疾病 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]