风险水平与风险源类型对驾驶决策的影响  

The Influence of Risk Level and Risk Source Type on Driving Decision

作　　者：张晓颖 常若松 灿雅雯 隋雪 ZHANG Xiao-ying;CHANG Ruo-song;CAN Ya-wen;SUI Xue(Department of Psychology,School of Education,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China;College of Psychology,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116029,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学教育学院心理系,广州510006 [2]辽宁师范大学心理学院,辽宁大连116029

出　　处：《人类工效学》2024年第1期28-33,共6页Chinese Journal of Ergonomics

摘　　要：目的 考察风险水平(高、低)与风险源类型(机动车、行人)对驾驶决策的影响以及驾驶员的眼动搜索模式.方法 向41 名驾驶员展示具有不同风险水平的交通图片,要求驾驶员做出是否减速的决策,采用Eye Link 1000 Plus眼动仪记录驾驶决策、反应时和眼动情况.结果 低风险情境下,驾驶员对行人风险的减速决策显著多于机动车风险,驾驶员对行人风险的总注视时间和凝视时间都显著短于机动车,注视次数显著少于机动车;高风险情境下,驾驶员对行人风险和机动车风险的减速决策无显著差异,驾驶员对行人风险的总注视时间和凝视时间显著长于机动车.结论 驾驶员对潜在行人风险的视觉加工更高效,驾驶决策更谨慎.本研究为制定符合驾驶员驾驶习惯的交通规则提供了借鉴与参考.Objective This study examined the effects of risk level(high,low)and risk source type(motor vehicle,pedestrian)on driving decisions and drivers'eye movement search patterns.Methods Forty-one drivers were shown pictures of traffic with different levels of risk and asked to make decisions about whether to slow down,we used the Eye Link 1000 Plus to record driving decision,reaction time and eye movement.ResultsAt the low-risk level,the drivers deceleration decision score for pedestrians risk was significantly higher than that for motor vehicles risk,the total fixation duration,and gaze duration of pedestrians risk were significantly shorter than those of motor vehicles risk,the number of fixation counts was significantly less than that of motor vehicles risk.At the high-risk level,there was no significant difference in the deceleration decision of drivers for pedestrian risk and motor vehicle risk,the total fixation duration,and gaze duration of pedestrians risk were significantly longer than those of motor vehicles risk.Conclusion Drivers'visual processing of potential pedestrian risks is more efficient and driving decisions are more cautious.This study provides a reference for the formulation of traffic rules conforming to drivers'driving habits.

关 键 词：交通安全工程 驾驶行为 交通心理 驾驶决策 风险水平 风险源类型 视觉注意模式 事故预防 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]