铁路与近代中国东北地区北部城镇体系的重构——以驻防城为中心的考察  

Railway and the Restructuring of the Urban System of the Northern Area of Northeastern China in Modern Times:A Study Centered on the Local Garrison Towns

作　　者：牛淑贞 NIU Shuzhen

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院,610207

出　　处：《史林》2024年第1期54-71,218,共19页Historical Review

基　　金：黑龙江历史文化工程专项项目“通商口岸与近代黑龙江的城市和区域发展”(03YB1506);国家社科基金西部项目“清至民国时期四川灾害史料的整理与研究”(项目批准号:19XZS015);四川大学创新火花项目库重大项目“清至民国四川灾害史料的搜集、整理与研究”(2018hhf-34)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：近代铁路交通在东北地区北部兴起后,铁路沿线一批新兴城镇的出现,改变了原来主要由驻防城构成的区域城镇体系的结构,这是区域城镇体系以中东铁路为重心进行的第一次重构。因俄国修筑的中东铁路而兴起的区域中心城市——哈尔滨的地位,受到了因中国自筑铁路及日伪所修铁路而“翻红”的齐齐哈尔、瑷珲以及新兴的牡丹江、佳木斯等中心城市的挑战,区域城镇体系再次重构。近代新的交通方式的引入及中日俄竞争下的东北铁道网不断变化,导致东北地区北部城镇体系的平衡不断被打破、重构。在该区域城镇体系的两次重构过程中,其空间布局、职能结构以及规模结构均随之发生了比较大的变化。With the rise of modern railway traffic in the northern area of Northeastern China,a number of new towns emerged along the railway,which changed the structure of the regional urban system mainly composed of garrison towns.This was the first reconstruction of the regional urban system focusing on the Trans-Manchurian Railway.The status of Harbin,a regional central city that had sprung up as a result of the construction Trans-Manchurian Railway by Russia,was challenged by Qiqihar and Aigun,which were “rediscovered” because of China's self-built railroads and those built by the Japanese puppet regime in Northeastern China,as well as by the newly emerging cities of Mudanjiang and Jiamusi.As a result,the regional urban system has been reconstructed again.In short,in modern times,with the introduction of new modes of transportation and the continuous changes of the northeast railway network under the competition between China,Japan and Russia,the balance of the urban system in the north of Northeast China was constantly broken and reconstructed.In the process of the two systematic reconstruction in the Northern Area of Northeastern China in Modern Times,great changes took place correspondingly in the spatial layout,functional structure and scale structure of the regional urban system.

关 键 词：近代 铁路 东北北部 城镇体系 驻防城 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学]