辛亥南北议和演进与清帝退位诏书拟定及颁布  

The Peace Negotiation between South and North and Production and Promulgation of Abdication Edict of Emperor of Qing

作　　者：尚小明[1] SHANG Xiaoming

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系,100871

出　　处：《史林》2024年第1期168-178,220,共12页Historical Review

摘　　要：清帝退位诏书拟定是贯穿辛亥南北议和各阶段的大事,而非清帝退位前夕才提上议事日程。当南北议和正式开始,双方就召集国民会议决定国体基本达成一致后,南方即率先提出优待皇室条件,并请张謇代拟诏书,力促清帝早日逊位,但因袁氏谋求“虚君共和”,南方的计划未能实现。南京临时政府建立后,袁内阁为了扭转不利局面,也拟定诏书,试图推动清廷降旨宣布共和并授权其“全权组织临时政府”,但因遭到满蒙亲贵王公及南方两面反对,其目的也未能达到。迨段祺瑞等联名电请朝廷宣布共和及宗社党领袖良弼被炸死,清廷终于授权袁氏与南方协商优待条件。最终,双方以张謇所拟诏书为基础,吸收袁内阁所拟诏书措辞,商定了最后的诏书。但在诏书颁布前,袁氏又擅自添入由其“全权组织临时共和政府”内容,并单方面提前公布,导致南京临时政府措手不及,为南北纷争埋下祸根。The present paper,reconstructing the history of production of Qing emperor's abdication edict during the1911 Revolution,in which the south and north negotiated peace in the hope that the emperor would abdicate as soon as possible and Yuan Shikai thwarted this plan for his own political interest,indicates that the abdication edict was finally a blend of the ones prepared by Zhang Jian(of the south) and Yuan and became the root of trouble in very near future.

关 键 词：辛亥南北议和 袁世凯 唐绍仪 伍廷芳 张謇 虚君共和 退位诏书 

分 类 号：K257.9[历史地理—历史学]