负有照护职责人员性侵罪与强奸罪的关系构造及适用规则  

The Relationship Structure and Applicable Rules between Sexual Assault of Persons Responsible for Care and Rape Crimes

作　　者：姜瀛[1] Jiang Ying

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院

出　　处：《荆楚法学》2024年第1期43-54,共12页Jingchu Law Review

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“司法解释与刑法修正案重复输出困境及其关系协同对策研究”(项目编号:23BFX130)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：解释负有照护职责人员性侵罪与强奸罪之关系构造,应正视二罪在手段方式上的明显差异,且不应冲击到既有法规范秩序。“互斥说”突显出二罪在手段方式上的差异,但却导致《刑法》第236条之一第2款沦为僵尸条文,背离了维护既有法规范秩序的法教义学目标。“强制型竞合说”虽可实现对既有法规范秩序的维护,但却难以契合本罪的非强制性特征,也并非完美的解释方案。当负有照护职责人员未使用强制手段与患有精神疾病、不具有性防卫能力的14至16周岁女性发生性关系时,该行为既符合本罪构成要件,同时也可作为准强奸行为适用强奸罪,由此形成了不以强制性手段为基础的“平和型竞合说”,该说是对《刑法》第236条之一第2款更为妥当的解释方案。The interpretation of the relationship between the crime of sexual assault committed by personnel responsible for care and the crime of rape should face the differences between the two crimes in terms of means and behavior,as well as the interpretation plan should not violate existing legal orders.The theory of exclusion,which advocates for the mutual exclusion of the two crimes,highlights the differences in behavior between the tow crimes,however,it causes the second paragraph of Article 236 become zombie articles without practical significance,and neglects the maintenance of existing legal norms and order.The"mandatory joiner theory"fo⁃cuses on maintaining the existing legal order,but the interpretation plan deviates from the tradi⁃tion of non-mandatory crime provisions and is not a perfect interpretation plan.When a person in charge of care does not use mandatory means to have sexual intercourse with a woman aged 14 to 16 who is suffering from mental illness and does not have sexual defense ability,this be⁃havior not only meets the constitution of the crime of sexual assault committed by personnel re⁃sponsible for care,but also can be considered as a“quasi-rape”behavior and constitute the crime of rape,thus forming a"peaceful joiner theory"which is not based on mandatory means.While this theory makes a more appropriate interpretation plan.

关 键 词：负有照护职责人员性侵罪 强奸罪 性防卫能力 竞合 平和方式 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]