复合改良剂作用下宁夏引黄灌区低洼农田盐渍化土壤改良效果研究  

Study on Improvement Effect of Compound Improvers on Salinized Soil at Low-lying Farmland in Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area

作　　者：窦炳琰 景何仿 李春光 王维红 张文生 DOU Bingyan;JING Hefang;LI Chunguang;WANG Weihong;ZHANG Wensheng(School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021;School of Civil Engineering,North Minzu University,Yinchuan 750021;School of Mathematics and Information Science,North Minzu University,Yinchuan 750021)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,银川750021 [2]北方民族大学土木工程学院,银川750021 [3]北方民族大学数学与信息科学学院,银川750021

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第7期93-100,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“泥沙运移数值模拟中的若干数值代数问题研究”(11761005);北方民族大学校级项目“西北盐渍土地区基于硫酸盐腐蚀的混凝土劣化机理与寿命预测研究”(2022XYZTM04);北方民族大学校级科研平台“科学计算与工程应用创新团队”(2022PT_S02);国家民委领军人才计划(113114000706)。

摘　　要：宁夏引黄灌区低洼地区地下水位较高,导致土壤出现严重盐渍化现象,而添加土壤改良剂是解决土壤盐渍化问题的一种有效途径。为研究不同改良剂对宁夏引黄灌区低洼区域盐渍化土壤改良效果,在位于银北地区南梁农场的一块地势低洼的盐渍化耕地,选用不同改良剂进行改良试验。设置对照组、单一施用糠醛渣、单一施用脱硫石膏、复合施用糠醛渣+脱硫石膏及不同用量,共10个处理组,将研究区域分成若干小区,每个小区施用不同处理组改良剂,并种植油葵作物,比较分析不同处理组下油葵生长指标和产量及油葵收获后土壤全盐量、各盐分离子、pH,探究该区域盐渍化土壤的最优改良方案。结果表明,在表层土壤,施用糠醛渣+脱硫石膏复合改良剂后全盐量下降较为明显,低、中、高3种不同施用量下与对照组相比盐分含量降低了10.44%、10.14%、0.88%,单一施加脱硫石膏和糠醛渣一种改良剂盐分降低不明显。总体而言,施用糠醛渣+脱硫石膏复合改良剂对降低土壤全盐量、钠吸附比和提高作物产量效果较为显著,糠醛渣与脱硫石膏的最佳配合比为7:3,最佳施用量为17960 kg/hm^(2)。At some low-lying farmlands in Ningxia irrigation area,the groundwater level usually is relatively high,which leads to heavy soil salinization.Adding soil improvers in farmlands is one of the valid methods to solve the problem of soil salinization.To study the improvement effect of different amendments on saline-alkali soil at the low-lying farmland of Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Area,a salinized farmland with low terrain and shallow groundwater depth at Nanliang farm in Yinbei area was improved by using different amendments.A total of 10 treatment groups were set up,including control group,single application of furfural residue,single application of desulfurization gypsum,compound application of furfural residue and desulfurization gypsum with different application amount.The study area was divided into several subareas,where applied different treatment groups of ameliorants,and planted helianthus annuus.The growth index and yield of helianthus annuus under different treatment groups were compared and analyzed,as well as the total salt content,salt ions and pH value of soil after harvest of helianthus annuus,and the optimal improvement scheme of salinized soil in this region was explored.The results showed that:in the surface soil,compared with the control group,the total salt content decreased significantly after the compound application of furfural residue and desulfurization gypsum.The salt content decreased by 10.44%,10.14%and 0.88% under the different application amounts of low,medium and high,compared with the control group.Single application of furfural residue or desulfurization gypsum did not reduce the salinity significantly.In general,application of compound improvers of furfural residue and desulfurization gypsum had significant effects on reducing soil total salt content,sodium adsorption ratio,and increasing crop yield.The optimal mixture ratio of furfural residue and desulfurization gypsum was 7:3,and optimal application amount was 17960 kg/hm^(2).

关 键 词：盐碱地 糠醛渣 脱硫石膏 复合改良剂 全盐量 宁夏引黄灌区 

分 类 号：S278[农业科学—农业水土工程]