低山丘陵区土壤肥力梯度及其指标对小麦产量、品质性状的影响  

Effects of Soil Fertility Gradient and Its Indicators on Wheat Yield and Quality Traits in Hilly Areas

作　　者：马爱平 靖华 亢秀丽[1,2] 赵玉坤 崔欢虎 黄学芳 席吉龙 MA Aiping;JING Hua;KANG Xiuli;ZHAO Yukun;CUI Huanhu;HUANG Xuefang;XI Jilong(Institute of Wheat Research,Shanxi Agricultural University,Linfen,Shanxi 041000;State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture(in Preparation),Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030006;Shanxi Institute of Organic Dryland Farming,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030006;Institute of Cotton Research,Shanxi Agricultural University,Yuncheng,Shanxi 044000)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学小麦研究所,山西临汾041000 [2]山西农业大学省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室(筹),太原030006 [3]山西农业大学山西有机旱作农业研究院,太原030006 [4]山西农业大学棉花研究所,山西运城044000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第7期101-107,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“晋南旱塬有机旱作水碳耦合效应和农田内循环增碳技术研究与应用”(2021YFD1901102-4);山西农业大学省部共建有机旱作农业国家重点实验室自主研发项目“轮作休耕消障沃土机制研究”(202001-6);山西农业大学特优农业高质量发展科技支撑工程项目“冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟高产高效技术集成示范”(TYGC23-21);山西农业大学科技创新提升工程项目“井灌区小麦微喷带节水灌溉及配套关键技术研究”(CXGC2023055)。

摘　　要：为提升旱地小麦产量和品质,明确土壤肥力梯度及其指标与小麦产量、品质性状的相关性,2019—2020年在山西乡宁低山丘陵区开展土壤肥力梯度及其指标对小麦产量和品质性状影响的研究。结果表明,土壤肥力梯度对穗数、穗粒数、千粒重有显著影响。硝态氮、全氮、有机质、速效钾与产量、穗数、千粒重呈正相关;有效磷与产量、穗数呈线性正相关,而与千粒重的相关不显著;硝态氮、全氮、有机质、速效钾、有效磷与穗粒数的相关不显著;不同土肥力指标与产量、产量三因素的相关程度总体表现为硝态氮>全氮>有机质>速效钾>有效磷。土壤肥力梯度显著影响蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、延展性、稳定时间、形成时间;土壤全氮、速效钾、硝态氮与蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、延展性、稳定时间、形成时间呈正相关;有机质与延展性呈正相关,而与其他品质性状的相关不显著;有效磷与蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、延展性、稳定时间、形成时间的相关不显著;不同肥力指标与品质性状的相关程度总体表现为硝态氮>速效钾>全氮>有机质>有效磷。产量与蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、延展性、形成时间呈正相关,而与稳定时间的相关性不显著。To improve the yield and quality of dryland wheat and clarify the correlation between soil fertility gradient,fertility indicators and wheat yield,quality traits respectively,the influence of soil fertility gradient and its indicators on wheat yield and quality traits in hilly areas was studied in Xiangning County,Shanxi Province from 2019 to 2020.The results showed that soil fertility gradient had obvious influence on panicle number,grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight;nitrate nitrogen,total nitrogen,organic matter,available potassium and yield,spike number,1000-grain weight showed positive correlations;available phosphorus and yield,spike number showed linear positive correlation,while no significant difference between available phosphorus and 1000-grain weight and nitrate nitrogen;the correlation between total nitrogen,organic matter,rapidly available potassium,available phosphorus and spike number was not significant;the correlation degree of different soil fertility indicators with yield and three yield factors showed nitrate nitrogen>total nitrogen>organic matter>available potassium>available phosphorus.Soil fertility gradient had obvious influence on protein content,wet gluten content,ductility,stability time and formation time;three traits of total nitrogen,available potassium and nitrate nitrogen were positive correlated with protein content,wet gluten content,ductility,stability time and formation time,organic matter was positive correlated to ductility,while it was not significant to the other quality traits;available phosphorus was not significantly correlated with protein content,wet gluten content,ductility,stability time and formation time,the correlation degree between different fertility indicators and quality traits generally showed nitrate nitrogen>available potassium>total nitrogen>organic matter>available phosphorus.Yield was positively correlated with protein content,wet gluten content,ductility and formation time,but it was not significant with stable time.

关 键 词：土壤肥力梯度 土壤肥力指标 产量 品质性状 小麦 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]