茶及饮茶习俗向北方民族地区和青藏高原的传播  

The Spread of Tea and Tea-Drinking Customs in the Northern Ethnic Regions and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China

作　　者：刘志扬[1] LIU Zhiyang

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史人类学研究中心及人类学系,广州510275

出　　处：《西北民族研究》2024年第1期49-64,共16页Journal of Northwestern Ethnic Studies

基　　金：2022年度国家社会科学基金一般项目“边茶贸易与中华各民族的交往交流交融”(编号:22BMZ167);2021年度教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“汉藏茶叶贸易及其对西藏融入中华民族共同体的作用研究”(编号:21YJA850007)的成果。

摘　　要：得益于气候和土壤条件,秦岭—淮河以南的酸性土壤地区是茶叶的主要产地,因此北方各民族必须通过与南方产茶区的交易来获取茶叶。茶叶传入北方民族地区和青藏高原的时间较晚,及至宋代,才有关于北方民族饮茶的确切记载,茶马贸易是当时农耕民族与游牧民族物质交换的重要形式。元代,入主中原的蒙古人与汉人杂处,农耕文化和游牧文化相互借鉴和影响,出现融合的趋势,蒙古人开始将茶与奶制品结合在一起,创制出适合自己口味的奶茶或酥油茶。茶叶从南方向北方民族地区和青藏高原传播的历史,不仅是中华各民族经济和文化交流的历史,也为各民族融入中华民族大家庭发挥了重要的经济纽带作用。这一历程反映了跨区域、跨文化的物资流通对中华文明的丰富和多元的贡献,也是各民族团结协作、共同发展、利益共享的历史见证。Due to the limitations of climate and soil conditions,the acidic soil areas south of the Qinling Mountains to the Huai River serve as the main tea-producing regions.Consequently,various ethnic groups in the northern border regions must acquire tea through trade with the tea-producing areas in the inland regions.Moreover,the spread of tea to the northern ethnic regions and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau occurred relatively later.In the Song Dynasty,accurate records did emerge regarding tea consumption among the northern ethnic groups.During this time,the tea-horse trade became a significant form of material exchange between agrarian and nomadic communities.During the Yuan Dynasty,when the Mongols took control of the Central Plains and coexisted with the Han people,there was a cultural exchange and mutual influence between agrarian and nomadic cultures.A trend of integration emerged,with Mongols combining tea and dairy products to create butter tea or milk tea tailored to their own taste preferences.The history of the tea spreading from the inland to the northern ethnic regions and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is not only a record of economic and cultural exchanges among various ethnic groups in China but also played an important role as an economic link for different ethnicities to integrate into the Chinese national family politically.This process reflects the significant economic ties that cross regions and cultures have contributed to the richness and diversity of Chinese civilization.Simultaneously,it serves as a historical testament to the unity,cooperation,common development,and shared interests among various ethnic groups.

关 键 词：茶 北方民族地区 青藏高原 民族交往交流交融 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]