滴灌量对北疆春小麦生长发育、产量及水分利用效率的影响  

Effect of drip irrigation amount on growth,yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat in northern Xinjiang

作　　者：张钊 黄超 樊宜 郭翔 顾松华 车红兵 陈海情 刘栩辰 刘战东[2,3] ZHANG Zhao;HUANG Chao;FAN Yi;GUO Xiang;GU Songhua;CHE Hongbing;CHEN Haiqing;LIU Xuchen;LIU Zhandong(Xinjiang Bozhou Irrigation Experimental Station,Bozhou 833400,China;Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453002,China;Western Agricultural Research Center,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changji 831100,China;College of Water Resource and Architecture Engineering,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆博州水利灌溉试验站,新疆博州833400 [2]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453002 [3]中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心,新疆昌吉831100 [4]塔里木大学水利与建筑工程学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第4期22-27,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项(2022FY101600);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同滴灌量对春小麦生长发育、耗水特性、产量及水分利用效率(WUE)的影响,为北疆滴灌春小麦节水、增产、增效提供理论依据。【方法】以新春6号春小麦为供试品种,基于单因素随机区组试验,设置6个滴灌量处理,分别为240(W1)、300(W2)、360(W3)、420(W4)、380(W5)、540 mm(W6),各处理在春小麦出苗后共滴灌8次,灌水定额分别为30、37.5、45、52.5、60、67.5 mm,探究不同滴灌量对春小麦生长发育、产量及WUE的影响。【结果】春小麦株高随着滴灌量的增加而增加,当滴灌量达到W3处理水平时,株高增加不显著,而叶面积指数(LAI)和地上部干物质量随滴灌量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,W4处理下的LAI最高,此后LAI和地上部干物质量随着滴灌量增加呈缓慢降低趋势。春小麦耗水量随滴灌量的增加而显著增加,W6处理下的耗水量最高,为598.1 mm。春小麦有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量、产量及WUE随滴灌量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,W4处理下的产量和WUE最高,分别为7233.2 kg/hm^(2)和15.23 kg/(hm^(2)·mm)。春小麦产量和WUE达到最大时的耗水量分别为520.8 mm和462.7 mm。【结论】采用420 mm滴灌量可以实现北疆滴灌春小麦产量和WUE的最大化,该研究可为北疆春小麦节水高产栽培提供理论依据。【Objective】Xinjiang in northwestern China is scarce in freshwater and commonly uses drip irrigation in its agricultural production.In this paper we study the effect of irrigation amount on growth,yield and water use efficiency(WUE)of spring wheat in the north of Xinjiang.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a field with the No.6 variety used as the model plant.During its growth period,the crop was irrigated six times with irrigation amount in each time being 30,37.5,45,52.5,60,67.5 mm,respectively.In each irrigation treatment,we measured the growth,yield and WUE of the spring wheat.【Result】Plant height increased with irrigation amount until the irrigation amount was 45 mm,after which a further increase in irrigation amount did not have a significant effect on plant height(P>0.05).The leaf area index(LAI)and the above-ground dry matter accumulation both increased with irrigation amount,but started to decline when irrigation amount exceeded 52.5 mm.The water consumption of the crop increased with irrigation amount,peaking when irrigation amount was 67.5 mm.The effective spike numbers,grain numbers per spike,1000-grain weight,yield and WUE of the crop increased first and then declined as the irrigation amount increased.Among all treatments we compared,irrigating 52.5 mm of water in each of the six irrigations gave the highest yield and WUE,reaching 7233.2 kg/hm^(2)and 15.23 kg/(hm^(2)·mm),respectively(P<0.05).Regression analysis showed that the water consumption of the crop for achieving the highest yield and WUE was 520.8 mm and 462.7 mm,respectively.【Conclusion】For the spring wheat drip-irrigated in northern Xinjiang,irrigating six times with the irrigation amount in each time being 52.5 mm can give the maximum yield and WUE.It can be used as an optimal irrigation scheduling for spring wheat production in this region.

关 键 词：春小麦 滴灌量 耗水特性 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]