西南季节性干旱区夏玉米水氮耦合效应与水氮生产函数研究  

The effect of water-nitrogen coupling on growth of summer maize in seasonally arid areas and water-nitrogen production function in southwestern China

作　　者：侯艳[1] 崔宁博[1] 郭立 甘永德 HOU Yan;CUI Ningbo;GUO Li;GAN Yongde(Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学,成都610065 [2]青海大学,西宁810016

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第4期34-40,共7页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1900805);四川省科技计划项目/对口科技援助(川青)(2022YFQ0066)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究西南季节性干旱区夏玉米关键生育期适宜的水氮耦合模式。【方法】于2022年6—10月在四川省都江堰灌溉试验站测桶区遮雨棚内开展夏玉米水氮耦合试验,以仲玉3号夏玉米为研究对象,采用桶栽方式种植夏玉米,以充分灌水(100%ET)和当地高水平施氮量(300 kg/hm2)为对照(CK),在拔节—抽雄期(Ⅱ)、抽雄—灌浆期(Ⅲ)分别设置2个灌水水平:HW(75%CK)、LW(50%CK)和3个施氮水平:N1(85%CK)、N2(70%CK)、N3(55%CK),共计13个处理,研究不同关键生育期的水氮耦合对夏玉米生长、产量、水分利用效率(WUE)、氮肥偏生产力(NPFP)的影响,基于Jensen模型构建水氮生产函数。【结果】拔节—抽雄期为夏玉米营养生长的关键时期,适宜的水氮耦合模式能在节水节氮条件下获得较高的产量并提高WUE和NPFP,Ⅱ-HWN2、Ⅲ-HWN1处理和Ⅲ-HWN2处理较CK分别节水12.78%、9.77%和9.77%,节氮9.0%、4.5%和9.0%,增产1.31%、4.32%和4.50%,WUE较CK分别提高28.39%、14.83%和8.52%,NPFP较CK分别提高11.33%、10.42%和8.52%;基于Jensen模型构建的水氮生产函数拟合度较好(R2=0.7619),拔节—抽雄期水氮敏感指数为0.152,大于抽雄—灌浆期的水氮敏感指数0.074。【结论】从提高水肥资源利用效率和保障产量的角度出发,推荐Ⅱ-HWN2处理和Ⅲ-HWN2处理为西南季节性干旱区适宜的水氮耦合模式。【Objective】Water and nitrogen are two most important factors affecting crop growth.Their acquisitions by crops interactively affect by each other.The purpose of this paper is to study the interactive effect of water-nitrogen coupling on development of summer maize during its key growing stages in seasonally arid areas in southwestern China.【Method】The experiment was conducted from June to October 2022 using lysimeters inside a rain-shelter at Dujiangyan Irrigation Experimental Station in Sichuan province.The variety Zhongyu No.3 was used as the model plant,and the control(CK)was irrigation of 100%of evapotranspiration(ET)combined with 300 kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilization as used by local farmers.There were two irrigation treatments by irrigating 75%(HW)and 50%(LW)of the water used in the CK,and three nitrogen treatments by fertilizing 85%(N1),70%(N2)and 55%(N3)of the fertilizer used in the CK at jointing-tasseling stage(Ⅱ)and tasseling-filling stage(Ⅲ),respectively.In each treatment,we measured the changes in growth,yield,water use efficiency(WUE)and nitrogen partial productivity(NPFP)of the maize at its key growing stages.The production function of the water and nitrogen was calculated using the Jensen model.【Result】The jointing-tasseling stage was the key stage for vegetative growth of the maize.A suitable water-nitrogen coupling can increase the yield,WUE and NPFP of the crop.Compared with CK,the combinations II+HW+N2,III+HW+N1 and III+HW+N2 saved 12.78%,9.77%and 9.77%of water,and 9.0%,4.5%and 9.0%of nitrogen,respectively,while increasing grain yield by 1.31%,4.32%and 4.50%,WUE by 28.39%,14.83%and 8.52%,and NPFP by 11.33%,10.42%and 8.52%respectively.The water-nitrogen production function was well described by the Jensen model with the R2 being 0.7619.The sensitivity index of water-nitrogen coupling at jointing-tasseling stage was 0.152,higher than 0.074 at the tasseling-filling stage.【Conclusion】Our results showed that the combinations II+HW+N2 and III+HW+N2 are optimal for maintaining high

关 键 词：玉米 水氮耦合 水分利用效率 氮肥偏生产力 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]