高性能歼击机飞行员座舱噪声暴露与防护  

Cockpit noise exposure and protection for high-performance fighter pilots

作　　者：郑学文 段宇 师国伟 白玉 余文斌 郝梦婷 Zheng Xuewen;Duan Yu;Shi Guowei;Bai Yu;Yu Wenbin;Hao Mengting(Department of Aviation Human Factors Engineering,Air Force Medical Center,Air Force Medical University,PLA,Beijing 100142,China)

机构地区：[1]空军军医大学空军特色医学中心航空人因工程研究室,北京100142

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2023年第4期236-240,共5页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

摘　　要：目的调查飞行员飞机座舱噪声暴露情况,提出高性能歼击机座舱噪声防护防控措施建议。方法在3种型号高性能歼击机(歼-A、歼-B、歼-C)地面试车发动机达到最高转速后5~180 s时,用声级计测量座舱中飞行员(假人)耳位处以及飞机尾喷口右侧与纵轴夹角60°、距离2.5 m处的总声压级、A声级,以及31.5、63、125、250、500、1000、2000、4000、8000 Hz噪声的线性声压级。选取听力正常的青年男性志愿者10名,采用125、250、500、1000、2000、4000、8000 Hz倍频程中心频率窄带信号,分别测试其裸耳,佩戴甲、乙、丙(分别为进口、现役、新研制)3种型号飞行头盔有源降噪状态及无源降噪状态时的听阈,并计算甲、乙、丙各型号飞行头盔的声衰减值(裸耳听阈和佩戴飞行头盔听阈测量差值)。结果歼-A、歼-B、歼-C地面试车发动机最大工作状态时的座舱飞行员(假人)耳位处噪声总声压级分别为102.2、100.4、111.2 dB;歼-B、歼-C尾喷口噪声总声压级分别为134.4、148.0 dB。歼-C飞机座舱噪声高于GJB 565A—2009的限值标准。经10名受试者测试,除4000 Hz外,不同型号的飞行头盔在其他频率上的声衰减值差异均有统计学意义(H=35.49、38.93、32.37、33.50、23.96、27.81,P均<0.001)。歼-A、歼-B、歼-C飞机座舱噪声经乙型头盔的有源状态衰减后噪声暴露的总声压级分别为87.3、84.1、89.3 dB。结论高性能歼击机座舱噪声仍使飞行员处于较高声压级,对其听力健康和飞行效能构成潜在威胁。头盔降噪需进一步研究。头盔的主动衰减,降低噪声源的噪声水平仍然是防噪的主要目标。Objective To propose recommendations for noise protection and control measures in high-performance fighter cockpits by investigating the noise exposure of pilots in cockpits.Methods In the ground test for 3 types of high-performance fighters(J-A,J-B and J-C),the total sound pressure level(SPL),A sound level,as well as the linear SPL at 31.5,63,125,250,500,1000,2000,4000,8000 Hz were respectively measured by the sound level meter installed at ear position of a dummy pilot in cockpit and at 2.5 m away along the line started at right tail nozzle and 60°off the aircraft longitudinal axis when the engine accelerated to its maximum speed for 5-180 s.Ten young male volunteers with normal hearing were selected to use 125,250,500,1000,2000,4000,8000 Hz octave center frequency narrowband signals,respectively,to test their hearing thresholds with and without 3 types of flight helmet(imported,in-service,and newly developed)under active and passive noise reduction conditions.The sound attenuation values of the helmets(difference between the bare-ear threshold and the threshold with the helmet)were calculated.Results The total SPL at the ear position of the dummy pilot in the cockpits of J-A,J-B,and J-C during ground test at maximum engine operation was 102.2,100.4,111.2 dB,respectively;the total SPL at the tail nozzle of J-B and J-C was 134.4,148.0 dB,respectively.The cockpit noise of J-C exceeded the limit standard of GJB 565A—2009.Except for the measure at 4000 Hz,the sound attenuation values of different helmets at other frequencies were significantly different(H=35.49,38.93,32.37,33.50,23.96,27.81,all P<0.001).By attenuating under active state of Type B helmet,the total noise exposure SPL in the cockpits of J-A,J-B,and J-C was 87.3,84.1,89.3 dB,respectively.Conclusions The noise in high performance aircraft cockpit still exposes pilot in relatively high SPL.It still poses the potential threat to pilot′s hearing health and performance.Helmet noise attenuation needs further development.The active attenuation of helmet,

关 键 词：噪声 环境暴露 飞机 头部防护装置 飞行员 

分 类 号：R852.24[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]