就业优先战略背景下城乡低保制度的劳动参与抑制效应研究——来自模糊断点回归的证据  

The Inhibiting Effect of Urban and Rural Minimum Living Standard Security System on Labor Participation in the Context of the Employment First Strategy:The Evidences from Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity

作　　者：刘璐婵 刘艺 LIU Lu-chan;LIU Yi(School of Sociology and Population Studies,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210023)

机构地区：[1]南京邮电大学社会与人口学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《南方人口》2024年第2期40-52,共13页South China Population

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“就业优先战略背景下城市福利依赖群体就业激励机制研究”(23BGL242)。

摘　　要：中国近年来关于“低保养懒汉”的质疑使最低生活保障的就业效应成为热点研究问题。本文借助CLDS2018年的数据和模糊断点回归模型来判断城乡低保政策对受助者劳动参与形成的激励或抑制作用。研究发现,最低生活保障政策的实施在一定程度上抑制了城乡困难群体的劳动参与行为,接受社会救助的政策干预会显著降低城乡困难群体的劳动供给水平,尤其是农村地区、家庭照料负担重、34岁以下、女性、高中及以上学历的子样本对政策的负效应更敏感。基于此,提出在充分考量低保受助群体就业困境的前提下分析劳动参与抑制的动因,并以此为基础明确政策干预关键点,逐步消除劳动参与的掣肘要素,同时强化低保制度与劳动力市场的联动,不断更新就业激活政策体系,并在分层分类救助的基础上探索多类型的就业促进方案,进而培养贫困群体的持续就业能力。The argument that welfare raise slackers has shed the light on the employment incentive mechanism of minimum living standard security policies in China in recent years.This paper,based on the data of CLDS 2018,estimates the effects of the national minimum living standard security system on the recipients’labor participation by fuzzy regression discontinuity.The findings show that the implementation of the minimum living standard security policy indeed inhibits the labor participation behaviors and significantly reduce the labor supply level of urban and rural low-income groups,particularly for the low-income groups from the rural,with heavy burden of family member cares,younger than 34,femal,with the education of high school and above.The conclusion remains robust after tests of replacing dependent variables,replacing data of other years,and transforming bandwidth ranges.Therefor it is important to reduce the inhibition of labor participation on the premise of fully consideration of the employment plight of the subsistence allowance recipients by clarifying the key points of policy intervention,strengthening the linkage between the subsistence allowance reception and the labor market,continuously updating employment activation policy system,and exploring various types of employment promotion programs on the basis of hierarchical and categorical assistance,so as to cultivate the sustainable employability of the poor groups.

关 键 词：低保政策 劳动供给 模糊断点回归 福利依赖 社会救助 

分 类 号：C92-05[社会学—人口学]