夹砂层位置对膜孔灌氮肥自由入渗特性的影响  

Influence of Sand-Interlayer Position on the Free Infiltration Characteristics of Nitrogen Fertilization Through Film-Holes

作　　者：陈琳 艾南竹 费良军[3] 王亮 CHEN Lin;AI Nanzhu;FEI Liangjun;WANG Liang(Qingdao Yinhuang Jiqing Water Affairs Group Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266000,China;School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao 266555,China;College of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛引黄济青水务集团有限公司,山东青岛266000 [2]青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,山东青岛266555 [3]西安理工大学水利水电学院,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《宁夏工程技术》2024年第1期35-41,47,共8页Ningxia Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52079105)。

摘　　要：为了研究夹砂层位置对层状土膜孔灌氮肥自由入渗特性的影响,选用粉壤土和砂壤土,设置3个夹砂层位置进行膜孔灌自由入渗试验。结果表明,在夹砂层位置为距表层土5~10 cm,10~15 cm,15~20 cm的3种处理中,各处理的累积入渗量、湿润锋运移规律、湿润体内含水量、铵态氮和硝态氮分布规律均有所不同。夹砂层的位置越靠近表层,减渗效果越大,累积入渗量越小,水平方向湿润锋面运移距离越大;入渗过程可分为2个阶段,第1阶段是水分运动到土砂交界面之前,第2阶段是水分运动到土砂交界面后,利用Philip和Kostiakov入渗模型来描述累积入渗量与入渗历时之间的关系,模型拟合结果较好;层状土的土壤含水量分布具有不连续性,其铵态氮和硝态氮分布规律受夹砂层位置的影响较大。综上所述,夹砂层位置变化对膜孔灌氮肥自由入渗具有明显影响。In order to study the influence of the sand-interlayer position on the free infiltration characteristics of nitrogen fertilization through film holes in the layered soil,the silt loam and sandy loam were selected,and three different positions of the sand-interlayer were set for free infiltration tests.The results showed that for the three treatments with sand-interlayers located at 5 to10 cm,10 to 15 cm,and 15 to 20 cm from the soil surface,there were differences in the cumulative infiltration amount,wetting front migration patterns,the water content in the wetting body,and the distribution of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen.The closer the sand-interlayer was to the surface,the greater the reduction in infiltration,the smaller the cumulative infiltration,and the greater the distance of the wetting front movement in the horizontal direction.The infiltration process could be divided into two stages:the first stage was before the water movement to the sand-soil interface,and the second stage was after the water movement to the sand-soil interface.The Philip and Kostiakov infiltration models were used to describe the relationship between the cumulative infiltration and the infiltration duration,with good model fitting result.The distribution of water content in layered soil was discontinuous,and the distribution of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen was greatly affected by the position of the sand-interlayer.To sum up,the change of the sand-interlayer position has a significant impact on the free infiltration of nitrogen and fertilizer through film holes.

关 键 词：层状土 夹砂层 膜孔灌自由入渗 铵态氮 硝态氮 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程] S152.7[农业科学—农业工程]