泰安地区献血者不合格原因及影响因素的初步探讨  

A preliminary study on the causes and influencing factors of unqualified blood donors in Tai'an area

作　　者：曲小娜 郭建光[2] QU Xiao-na;GUO Jian-guang(Tai'an Central Blood Station,Tai'an 271000,China)

机构地区：[1]泰安市中心血站血源科,271000 [2]泰安市中心血站,271000

出　　处：《中国实用医药》2024年第6期173-177,共5页China Practical Medicine

摘　　要：目的 通过回顾性统计泰安地区捐献全血无偿献血者(新泰采血点除外)的不合格情况,分析其影响因素,采取相应措施,最大程度降低献血者不合格比例,为临床提供更多的安全血液。方法 对泰安地区2018~2022年献血者健康体检、初筛、血液检测不合格情况以及不同性别、年龄、职业献血者的不合格情况进行统计分析。结果 泰安地区2018~2022年约有45583人次的献血者因献血前健康体检和初筛不合格暂缓献血,暂缓献血原因主要是健康体检不合格以及丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、乳糜、血红蛋白(Hb)等检测项目不合格。泰安地区5年间献血者初筛淘汰率为10.12%(22211/219516),血液检测报废率为1.24%(2442/197072)。其中ALT初筛、检测不合格率均最高。(1) 2018~2022年,乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)初筛不合格率呈逐年下降趋势,不同年份HBsAg初筛不合格率比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);2019年乳糜初筛不合格率均高于其他年份,不同年份乳糜初筛不合格率比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同年份ALT、Hb初筛不合格率比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2018~2022年,在初筛项目中, ALT初筛不合格率最高;除2019年外,其他年份初筛项目不合格率由大到小顺序均为ALT>Hb>乳糜>HBsAg。(2) 2018~2022年,血液检测项目中, ALT检测不合格率最高;2019年梅毒螺旋体抗体(抗-TP)检测不合格率、2021年人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体(抗-HIV)检测不合格率明显高于其他年份。不同年份献血者血液检测报废率及ALT、HBsAg、抗-TP、抗-HIV检测不合格率比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3) 2018~2022年,不同性别、年龄段、职业献血者的不合格情况比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同性别献血者ALT、HBsAg、乳糜、Hb不合格率比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);各年龄段献血者ALT、HBsAg、乳糜、Hb、抗-HCV、抗-TP不合格率比较差异具有统计学意义Objective Through retrospective statistical analysis of the unqualified situation of whole blood donations from unpaid donors in Tai'an area(except for the blood collection site in Xintai),the influencing factors are explored and corresponding measures are taken to minimize the unqualified proportion of donors and provide more safe blood for the clinic.Methods Statistical analyses were conducted on the unqualified situation of blood donors'health checkups,initial screening,and blood tests,and on the unqualified situation of blood donors of different genders,ages,and occupations,respectively,in Tai'an area from 2018 to 2022.Results About 45583 blood donors in Tai'an area from 2018-2022 were suspended from donating blood due to unqualified health physical examination and initial screening before blood donation,and the reasons for suspension were mainly unqualified health physical examination and unqualified alanine aminotrasferase(ALT),chyle,hemoglobin(Hb)and other testing items.The elimination rate of initial screening of blood donors in Tai'an area during 5 years was 10.12%(22212/219516),and the scrapping rate of blood testing was 1.24%(2442/197072).Among them,ALT initial screening and test failure rate were the highest.a.From 2018 to 2022,the failure rate of initial screening for hepatitis B virus surface antigen(HBsAg)showed a decreasing trend year by year,and there was a statistically significant difference in the failure rate of initial screening for HBsAg among different years(P<0.05).The failure rate of initial screening of chyle in 2019 was higher than that in other years,and the difference in failure rate of initial screening for chyle in different years was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in the failure rate of initial screening for ALT and Hb among different years(P<0.05).From 2018 to 2022,ALT had the highest failure rate in the initial screening.Except for 2019,the failure rate of initial screening in other years ranked from highest to lowest as ALT>Hb

关 键 词：献血者 不合格 健康 安全血液 

分 类 号：R197.6[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]