湘西地区老年人多维健康现状及影响因素分析  

Analysis on current situation and influencing factors of multidimensional health of the elderly in western Hunan Province

作　　者：夏咪 谭江红[2] 李金秀[1] 李星星 孙靖涵 陈正英[1] XIA Mi;TAN Jianghong;LI Jinxiu;LI Xingxing;SUN Jinghan;CHEN Zhengying(School of Medicine,Jishou University,Jishou Hunan,416000,China;Nursing Department,Zhuzhou Hospital,Xiangya School of Medicine,Central South University,Zhuzhou Hunan,412000,China)

机构地区：[1]吉首大学医学院,湖南吉首416000 [2]中南大学湘雅医学院附属株洲医院护理部,湖南株洲412000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2024年第3期348-351,357,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(21XMZ090);湖南省社科基金项目(21YBA129)。

摘　　要：目的了解湘西地区老年人多维健康现状及影响因素,为政府制定相关政策提供依据。方法2022年1—3月采取多阶段分层抽样法,在湘西地区抽取符合纳排标准的540名老年人,采用中国老年健康功能多维评定量表评价其多维健康状况。结果老年人多维健康总均分为(72.98±12.22)分,6个维度得分由高到低分别为日常生活能力[(23.47±3.16)分]、社会关系资源[(18.50±3.37)分]、精神健康[(18.23±3.16)分]、身体健康[(18.22±3.40)分]、经济资源[(17.97±3.49)分]与认知能力[(13.43±2.09)分]。多元逐步回归分析结果提示,有无慢性病、文化程度、目前居住地及婚姻状况是老年人多维健康的主要影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论湘西地区老年人多维健康水平有待提高,患有慢性病、文化程度不高、目前居住地为城乡接合部、未婚为老年人多维健康的危险因素。建议加强对女性、离异、文化程度较低、住在城乡接合部、靠政府或他人救助、有慢性病、无子女老年人的家庭及社会保障支持。Objective To understand the current status of multidimensional health and its influencing factors among the elderly in western Hunan Province,provide the basis for the government to formulate relevant policies.Methods A multi-stage stratified sampling method was adopted to select 540 elderly people who met the criteria of inclusion and exclusion in western Hunan Province from January to March 2022.Their multidimensional health status was evaluated using the Chinese multidimensional assessment scale of health functioning in the elderly(MHASE).Results The mean score of total multidimensional health of the elderly was(72.98±12.22)points,and six dimensions scores from highest to lowest were:daily living ability[(23.47±3.16)points],social relationship resources[(18.50±3.37)points],mental health[(18.23±3.16)points],physical health[(18.22±3.40)points],economic resources[(17.97±3.49)points],and cognitive ability[(13.43±2.09)points].The multiple stepwise regression analysis results indicated that the presence of chronic diseases,education level,current residence,and marital status were the main influencing factors of multidimensional health of the elderly(all P<0.05).Conclusions The multidimensional health level of the elderly in western Hunan Province needs to be improved.The chronic illness,low education level,current residence in an urban/rural area,and unmarried are the risk factors for multidimensional health in the elderly.It is recommended that family and social security support should be strengthened for older adults who are female,divorced,less educated,live in urban-rural areas,rely on assistance from government or others,have chronic diseases,and have no children.

关 键 词：湘西地区 老年人 多维健康 

分 类 号：R181.37[医药卫生—流行病学]