锌粉置换渣浸出过程中镓的溶解行为及改善方法  

Dissolution behavior and improvement approach for gallium extraction from zinc refinery residues

作　　者：张伟[1,2] 饶帅 李立清 宫晓丹[2] 吴才贵 胡东风 曹洪杨 刘志强 Wei ZHANG;Shuai RAO;Li-qing LI;Xiao-dan GONG;Cai-gui WU;Dong-feng HU;Hong-yang CAO;Zhi-qiang LIU(Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China;Danxia Smelter,Shenzhen Zhongjin Lingnan Nonfemet Co.,Ltd.,Shaoguan 512325,China;Institute of Resource Utilization and Rare Earth Development,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学材料冶金化学学部,赣州341000 [2]深圳市中金岭南有色金属股份有限公司丹霞冶炼厂,韶关512325 [3]广东省科学院资源利用与稀土开发研究所,广州510650

出　　处：《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》2024年第3期1016-1026,共11页中国有色金属学报（英文版）

基　　金：financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China (Nos. 2021YFC2902802, 2021YFC2902805, 2021YFC2902602, 2021YFC2902604);the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China (No. 2023A1515030145);Guangdong Academy of Science Special Funds,China (Nos. 2020GDASYL-0104027, 2022GDASZH-2022010104, 2021GDASYL-20210302004)。

摘　　要：针对丹霞冶炼厂锌粉置换渣浸出过程中镓浸出率偏低问题,采用ICP-AES、XRD与SEM-EDS对不同批次锌粉置换渣化学成分、物相与形貌进行详细分析。与正常生产锌粉置换渣相比,异常锌粉置换渣中镓主要赋存于黄钾铁矾之中,造成镓浸出困难。对锌粉置换渣氧压浸出过程进行分析,镓、砷和铁溶出规律较为一致:增大硫酸浓度和液固比有利于镓、铁和砷的浸出,但提高温度和氧气分压对镓、铁和砷溶出不利。依据上述研究结果,提出强化镓浸出效率的改善措施,弱化一段氧压浸出(分别降低反应温度和压缩空气总压至90℃和0.2 MPa)与强化三段常压浸出(分别提高硫酸浓度和反应温度至160 g/L和85℃),镓的浸出效率由77.83%提高至96.46%。Aiming at solving low Ga leaching efficiency during actual industrial production in Danxia Smelter,chemical composition,phases and morphologies of various zinc refinery residues were characterized using ICP-AES,XRD and SEM-EDS.Compared with the normal material,Ga was embedded in the jarosite phase from the special zinc refinery residue,causing difficulty in Ga leaching.During the oxidation pressure leaching,the dissolution behaviors of Ga,As and Fe presented similar variation tendency.Namely,a sufficient H2SO4 concentration and liquid-to-solid ratio promoted the dissolution of Ga,Fe and As,whereas higher reaction temperature and oxygen partial pressure weakened the leaching.Based on the results,leaching parameters were optimized for enhancing Ga recovery.Through weakening the 1st oxidation pressure leaching(by decreasing reaction temperature and total pressure to 90℃ and 0.2 MPa,respectively)and strengthening the 3rd atmospheric leaching(by increasing H2SO4 concentration and reaction temperature to 160 g/L and 85℃,respectively),the leaching efficiency of Ga increased from 77.83%to 96.46%.

关 键 词：溶解行为 锌粉置换渣 镓 黄钾铁钒 臭葱石 

分 类 号：TF843.1[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]