浅耕和施肥对茶叶产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of shallow ploughing and fertilization on tea yield,tea quality and soil fertility

作　　者：连娜娜 邱瑞瑾 黄丽蕴 陈耀进 廖珍承 邓盈 莫鹰 于翠平 LIAN Nana;QIU Ruijin;HUANG Liyun;CHEN Yaojin;LIAO Zhencheng;DENG Ying;MO Ying;YU Cuiping(Agricultural Science Research Institute of Wuzhou/Wuzhou Branch,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuzhou,Guangxi 543003,China)

机构地区：[1]梧州市农业科学研究所/广西农业科学院梧州分院,广西梧州543003

出　　处：《茶叶》2024年第1期6-10,共5页Journal of Tea

基　　金：广西科技重大专项(桂科AA20302018-5);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西茶叶创新团队梧州综合试验站(nycytxgxcxtd-18-09)。

摘　　要：为分析浅耕和施肥对茶叶产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响,以苍梧县群体种为供试材料,研究浅耕、浅耕+施肥、施肥处理对茶叶产量、品质及土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,不同处理的发芽密度、芽叶长度、百芽重及鲜叶重之间差异极显著(P<0.01);浅耕+施肥的发芽密度、百芽重和鲜叶重高于其他处理,说明浅耕结合施肥可促进芽叶长度生长。各处理的水浸出物含量差异极显著(P<0.01)、茶多酚含量差异显著(P<0.05);以浅耕+施肥的水浸出物、茶多酚含量最高。各处理的咖啡碱、游离氨基酸、黄酮含量差异不显著(P>0.05),茶氨酸含量差异显著(P<0.05)。浅耕+施肥处理的土壤全氮、全磷、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量高于其他处理,而施肥处理的土壤全钾含量最高。各处理的土壤水解性氮含量较对照均有不同程度降低。浅耕、浅耕+施肥的土壤pH值显著提高。综合考虑,浅耕+施肥在提高茶叶产量、品质及土壤肥力方面效果明显,适合在六堡茶生产中推广应用。Tea soil shallow ploughing and fertilization on tea yield,tea quality,soil physical and chemical properties were investigated in tea fields grown local tea variety population in Cangwu County.The results showed that the shoot density(shoot number per unit plucking surface area),shoot length,shoot weight(weight of per 100 shoots)and fresh leaf yield per unit tea field area between various treatments were significantly different(P<0.01),and the shoot density,shoot weight and fresh leaf yield in treatment of shallow ploughing+fertilization were higher than those of the other treatments,suggesting that shallow ploughing and fertilization could promote the growth of tea shoots.There were significant differences in contents of water-soluble extracts and tea polyphenols between the various treatments(P<0.01).The water-soluble extracts and tea polyphenols in shallow ploughing+fertilization were the highest among all the treatments.There was no significant difference in the contents of caffeine,free amino acids and flavonoids among different treatments(P>0.05),but there was significant difference in theanine content(P<0.05)between various treatments.The contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter in shallow ploughing+fertilization treatment were higher than the other treatments,among which the soil total potassium content in fertilization treatment was the highest.The soil hydrolytic nitrogen content of each treatment was lower than that of the control.The soil pH value of shallow ploughing,shallow tillage+fertilization increased significantly.It is considered that shallow ploughing+fertilization is effective in improving tea yield,tea quality and soil fertility,which is suitable for popularization and application in Liupao tea production.

关 键 词：浅耕 施肥 茶叶产量 茶叶品质 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S34[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S14[农业科学—农艺学]