川中丘陵区紫色土坡耕地植物篱措施对土壤抗蚀性的影响  

Effect of Hedgerow on Anti-Erodibility of Sloping Farmlands Consisted of Purple Soil in the Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin

作　　者：黄鑫 郑江坤[1,2] 任雨之[1,2] 陈鑫 王文武 HUANG Xin;ZHENG Jiangkun;REN Yuzhi;CHEN Xin;WANG Wenwu(College of Forestry,Universities and Colleges of Sichuan Province,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation&Desertification Combating,Universities and Colleges of Sichuan Province,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Soil and Water Conervation Experimental Station in Suining,Suining 629006,Sichuan China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学院,成都611130 [2]四川农业大学水土保持与荒漠化防治四川省高校重点实验室,成都611130 [3]遂宁水土保持试验站,四川遂宁629006

出　　处：《山地学报》2024年第1期27-36,共10页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41601028,41671277);四川省重大科技专项课题(2018SZDZX0034);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2012M511938)。

摘　　要：川中丘陵区紫色土坡耕地水土流失严重,影响农作物增产增收。水土保持植物篱措施是提高土壤的抗侵蚀能力的有效生态手段。以往土壤抗蚀性的研究多集中于黄土高原,较少涉及植物篱作用下紫色土坡耕地抗蚀机理方面的研究。本文以新银合欢(Leucaena leucocephala)和香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides)为研究对象,基于试验站坡耕地小区定位观测的基础数据,结合土壤采样和实验分析,利用主成分分析法对种植不同植物篱的坡耕地土壤抗蚀性进行了综合评价。结果表明:(1)在分析11项指标后,2项主成分指标对解释土壤抗蚀性贡献率达到82.7%,其中水稳性团聚体被认定为关键指标。(2)植物篱显著提高了表层土的抗蚀性。与无植物篱的样区为对照,10°坡耕地上香根草和新银合欢植物篱小区的土壤抗蚀性综合指数(SERI)分别比对照区高2.048和0.853,15°坡耕地上香根草植物篱的SERI比对照区高1.321;且植物篱下侧的土壤抗蚀性高于植物篱上侧,在10°和15°香根草植物篱小区,植物篱下侧抗蚀性指数分别达到上侧的2.0倍、1.5倍,而10°新银合欢植物篱小区的下侧抗蚀性综合指数达到上侧的1.1倍。(3)相较于新银合欢植物篱小区,香根草植物篱小区土壤表现出了更高的抗蚀性,且两种植物篱小区下侧土壤抗蚀性均优于上侧,选择密植草本植物篱并重点防治植物篱上侧土壤可有效减少坡耕地水土流失。研究成果可为川中丘陵区水土流失治理及农业增产提供科学依据。In the hilly area of central Sichuan basin,some sloping farmlands primarily consisted of purple soil have suffered serious water-soil erosion,inhibiting crop yield and income increase.Planting hedgerow is an effective ecological means of improving soil anti-erodibility.Good efforts to increase soil erosion resistance were made in the Loess Plateau of China,but less involved in revelation of corrosion-resistant mechanism of purple soil by planting hedgerows on sloping farmlands in Sichuan basin.In this study,it took Chrysopogon zizanioides and Leucaena glauca(L.)Benth in sloping farmlands of purple soil as research object.It collected long-term positioning observation data at Suining Soil and Water Conservation Test Station,Sichuan,China and field sampling;the principal component analysis method was used to comprehensively evaluate soil anti-erodibility of sloping farmland planted with different types of hedgerows.(1)0x09It found that 11 indexes of soil anti-erodibility could be explained by two principal components,with a contribution rate of up to 82.7%.The water-stable aggregate could be used as the best index to measure soil corrosion resistance.(2)0x09Hedgerows significantly improved anti-erodibility of surface soil.Supposing sample plots without hedgerow as a control group,on a sloping farmland of 10°,soil anti-erodibility index obtained from the Chrysopogon zizanioides hedgerow plot and the Leucaena glauca(L.)Benth hedgerow plot was 7.0 and 2.3 times higher than that of the control plot,respectively;on the 15°sloping farmland,the soil anti-erodibility index for the Chrysopogon zizanioides hedgerow plot was 26.7 times than that of the control plot.The soil anti-erodibility on the downside of a hedgerow was higher than that on the upside.On the sloping farmland of 10°and 15°,the soil anti-erodibility on the downside was 2.0 and 1.5 times higher than that on the upside,respectively;and for Leucaena glauca(L.)Benth hedgerow,its value on the downside was 1.1 times higher that on the upside on the 10°sloping

关 键 词：植物篱 坡耕地 抗蚀性指数 水稳性团聚体 紫色土 

分 类 号：S725.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]