狭长通航隧洞船舶火灾人员应急疏散仿真研究  

Simulation study on personnel emergency evacuation from ship fire in long and narrow navigable tunnels

作　　者：邓健[1,2,3,4] 曾笑涵 沈慧 刘少勇 谢澄[1] 干伟东[5] DENG Jian;ZENG Xiaohan;SHEN Hui;LIU Shaoyong;XIE Cheng;GAN Weidong(School of Navigation,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,China;National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,China;State Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Inland Shipping Technology,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,China;Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering,M.O.T,Tianjin 300000,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学航运学院,湖北武汉430063 [2]武汉理工大学国家水运安全工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430063 [3]武汉理工大学水路交通控制全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430063 [4]武汉理工大学内河航运技术湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430063 [5]交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究院,天津300000

出　　处：《中国航海》2024年第1期18-26,35,共10页Navigation of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52271368);贵州省科技重大专项([2018]3010);湖北省自然科学基金计划项目资助(2023AFB148)。

摘　　要：通航隧洞是一类为船舶穿越高山峡谷提供通航条件的新型通航建筑物,发生火灾时有害气体易于堆积、人员逃生路径狭窄、应急疏散难度大。针对待建的贵州乌江思林通航隧洞构建典型船舶火灾和人员疏散逃生模型,分析火灾事故发展过程中的特征参数变化情况,基于有毒有害气体和温度的安全限值,对横通道间距、船舶编队等因素影响下的人员疏散安全风险进行评估。结果表明:横通道间距为200 m时,3艘货船、2艘货船和1艘客船的编队情况符合人员疏散安全评估;横通道间距为300 m和400 m时,所有编队情况均无法满足人员疏散安全评估,其主要危险因素为持续吸入有毒有害气体。因此,在保障安全前提下,隧洞不宜设置300 m及以上横通道间距,客船疏散难度大,应采取下船翻坝运输的方式过坝。Navigable tunnel is a new type of navigable buildings that can provide navigation environment for ships to pass through mountains and valleys.In the event of fire,harmful gases are easy to accumulate,while the escape path for personnel is narrow,and emergency evacuation is difficult.In this paper,a typical ship fire and personnel evacuation escape model is constructed for the to-be-built Silin Navigable Tunnel in Wujiang,Guizhou,and the change of characteristic parameters during the development of the fire accident is analyzed.Based on the safety limits of toxic and hazardous gases and temperatures,the risk of personnel evacuation under the influence of factors such as the cross passage spacing and the formation of fleet was evaluated.The results show that:1)When the cross passage spacing is 200 m,the fleet of three cargo ships,or two cargo ships or one passenger ship can meet the safety assessment of personnel evacuation 2)When the cross passage spacing is 300 m and 400 m,all formation conditions cannot meet the safety assessment of personnel evacuation,and the main risk factor is the continuous inhalation of toxic and harmful gases.Therefore,under the premise of ensuring safety,a cross passage spacing of 300 m or more should not be set in the tunnel,and it is dificult for passenger ships to evacuate,so the way of getting off the ship and turning over the dam for transportation should be adopted to cross the dam.

关 键 词：通航隧洞 火灾事故 数值模拟 人员疏散 

分 类 号：U64[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]