粉尘中不同晶型游离二氧化硅检测方法的探讨  

Exploration of detection methods for free silica with different crystal forms in dust

作　　者：耿琪 王超洋 孟成名 贺子欣 杨柳 张玉丹 Geng Qi;Wang Chaoyang;Meng Chengming;He Zixin;Yang Liu;Zhang Yudan(Occupational and Environmental Testing and Inspection Center,The Third People's Hospital of Henan Province(Henan Hospital for Occupational Diseases),Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Toxicology Detection,Zhengzhou 450052,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省第三人民医院(河南省职业病医院)职业与环境检测检验中心,河南省化学毒物检测医学重点实验室,郑州450052

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2024年第3期180-183,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目(LHGJ20200248)。

摘　　要：目的探讨粉尘中不同晶型游离二氧化硅检测方法的差异性与适用性,为各种检测方法的选择提供依据。方法2021年12月至2022年6月,随机选择河南省内18地市不同行业20家企业粉尘样品作为调查对象,采用X线衍射(XRD)法对样品进行晶型分析,并对晶型分类后样品进行归类,再依据GBZ/T 192.4-2007《工作场所空气中粉尘测定第4部分:游离二氧化硅含量》中焦磷酸法和红外分光光度法进行定量测定,结果进行配对样本t检验分析,评价方法优劣和适用范围。结果20份粉尘样品XRD法检测结果晶型可分为α、β、γ型及α、γ混合型。其中α型游离二氧化硅的焦磷酸法和红外分光光度法检测结果差异无统计学意义(P=0.180);β、γ型和α、γ混合型游离二氧化硅的焦磷酸法测定结果明显高于红外分光光度法,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论焦磷酸法和红外分光光度法均适用于α型游离二氧化硅的检测,β、γ型及α、γ混合型游离二氧化硅的检测方法适宜选用焦磷酸法。Objective To investigate the differences and applicability of free silica detection methods of different crystal forms in dust,and to provide a basis for the selection of various methods.Methods From December 2021 to June 2022,dust samples from 20 enterprises in different industries in 18 cities in Henan Province were randomly selected as the investigation objects.X-ray diffraction(XRD)method was used to analyze the samples and classify the samples.Based on GBZ/T 192.4-2007"Determination of Dust in the Air of Workplace-Part 4:Content of Free Silica in Dust",pyrophosphate method and infrared spectrophotometry were used for quantitative determination.The measured results were analyzed by paired sample t test to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods and their applicable scope.Results The XRD results of 20 dust samples could be divided intoα,β,γcrystal types and the mixed type ofαandγ.There was no significant difference between pyrophosphate method and infrared spectrophotometry(P=0.180).The pyrophosphate method results ofβ,γandα,γmixed crystalline free silica were significantly higher than those of infrared spectrophotometry,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).Conclusion Pyrophosphate method and infrared spectrophotometry are suitable forα-type free silica,while pyrophosphate method is suitable forβ,γandα,γmixed crystalline free silica.

关 键 词：粉尘 晶型 游离二氧化硅 X射线衍射 焦磷酸法 分光光度法 红外线 

分 类 号：O652[理学—分析化学] R134.4[理学—化学]