天山北麓绿洲荒漠过渡带优势植物的生态位特征与种间联结  

Niche characteristics and interspecific connection of dominant plants in the oasis desert transition zone at the northern foot of Tianshan Mountains

作　　者：卢燕[1] 吴万平 曾勇 Lu Yan;Wu Wanping;Zeng Yong(School of Geography and Tourism/Key Laboratory of Lake Environment and Resources in Arid Region,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi 830054,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院/新疆干旱区湖泊环境与资源重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830054

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2024年第2期254-263,共10页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：新疆师范大学博士启动基金项目(XJNUBS2113);新疆师范大学人文社会科学重点研究基地招标课题(XJNURWJD2019A05)。

摘　　要：天山北麓绿洲荒漠过渡带生境脆弱,通过揭示该区域植被生态学特性,进而推测其演替趋势,以期为生态保护提供理论基础或参考建议。在该区设置39个典型样地进行调查,运用重要值、生态位宽度、生态位重叠度、χ^(2)检验、Pearson相关检验和Spearman秩相关检验等方法对优势植物生态位特征与种间联结性进行分析。结果显示:(1)研究区优势物种28种,生态位宽度差异显著,生态位宽度测定结果与重要值变化趋势无显著相关。骆驼刺(Alhagi camelorum)、角果藜(Ceratocarpus arenarius)、梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)等生态宽度指数较大,其中骆驼刺BL和BS分别为12.11和2.77,占绝对竞争优势。(2)研究区优势植物的生态位重叠指数普遍偏小,对环境资源的需求相似性不大,种间竞争较弱。簇生泉卷耳(Cerastium fontanum)和白车轴草(Trifolium repens)、早熟禾(Poa annua)和簇生泉卷耳等竞争关系明显,角果藜和早熟禾,早熟禾和骆驼刺等竞争较弱。(3)研究区植物群落呈不显著正联结,3种检验显示多数种对间呈不显著关系,各物种间呈独立分布格局,稳定性相对较差,关联性相对较弱,处于演替的初期阶段,结构和功能尚未完善,有正向演替的趋势。(4)物种间的Pearson相关系数、Spearman秩相关系数与相应的生态位重叠程度之间均显著正相关(P<0.01,斜率>0),表现为种间正(负)联结越强,生态位重叠程度越大(小)。The oasis desert transition zone at the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain has a fragile habitat.By revealing the ecological characteristics of vegetation in this area,we can then speculate on its succession trends,hoping to provide a theoretical basis or reference suggestions for ecological protection.Based on the investigation of 39 typical sites in research area,the dominant plant niche and interspecies connection are analyzed by important values,niche width,niche overlap,χ^(2) test,Pearson correlation test and Spearman rank correlation test.The results show that:(1)There are 28 dominant species in the study area,and the niche breadth was significantly different.There was no significant correlation between the niche breadth measurement results and the change trend of important values.The ecological width index of Alhagi camelorum,Ceratocarpus arenarius,Haloxylon ammodendron is large.The BL and BS of Alhagi camelorum are 12.11 and 2.77,are the largest.(2)The niche overlap index of dominant plants in the study area is generally small,the demand for environmental resources is not similar,and the interspecific competition is weak.Competitive relationship between Cerastium fontanum and Trifolium repens,Poa annua and Cerastium fontanum is obvious,and it is weak between Ceratocarpus arenarius and Poa annua,Poa annua and Alhagi camelorum.(3)The plant communities in the study area show no significant positive association.The three tests show that most species pairs had no significant relationship,and the species show an independent distribution pattern.The stability is relatively poor,and the correlation is relatively weak.It is in the early stage of succession,and the structure and function are not perfect.(4)The Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman rank correlation coefficient between species are significantly positively correlated with the degree of niche overlap,which show that the stronger the positive(negative)association between species,the greater(smaller)the degree of niche overlap.

关 键 词：天山北麓 绿洲荒漠过渡带 种间联结性 生态位 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]