固沙措施对流动沙丘植被和土壤特性的影响  

Effects of different sand-fixation measures on vegetation and soil characteristics of high and flat mobile dunes

作　　者：程莉 宁志英 杨红玲 李玉霖 Cheng Li;Ning Zhiying;Yang Hongling;Li Yulin(Naiman Desertification Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院奈曼沙漠化研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2024年第2期273-282,共10页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA23060404);甘肃省科技计划项目(23JRRA572);国家自然科学基金项目(32071845)。

摘　　要：沙漠化是科尔沁沙地土地退化的主要原因,科学合理的治沙措施能够有效控制风沙侵害,有助于植被-土壤系统的重建与恢复。本研究以科尔沁沙地高大流动沙丘和平缓流动沙丘为研究对象,通过分析自然恢复、种植差不嘎蒿(Artemisia halodendron)和设置草方格沙障3种固沙措施下植被群落特性和土壤理化性质的变化趋势,从而为该类型沙丘固沙措施的筛选提供科学指导。结果表明:(1)不同固沙措施下平缓流动沙丘植物物种丰富度为设置草方格沙障(20种)>种植差不嘎蒿(18种)>自然恢复(15种);高大流动沙丘植物物种丰富度为设置草方格沙障(14种)>种植差不嘎蒿(8种)>自然恢复(5种)。(2)高大和平缓流动沙丘土壤理化性质差异不显著;设置草方格沙障显著增加土壤有机碳、全氮含量(P<0.05);随着恢复年限延长,土壤养分含量显著增加(P<0.05)。(3)高大和平缓流动沙丘中土壤有机碳含量、全氮含量与物种丰富度呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。综上所述,草方格沙障能够显著改善植物群落物种丰富度,增加土壤养分以改善土壤质量,是最有利于科尔沁沙地流动沙丘生态系统恢复的措施。生态恢复是一个相对漫长的过程,随着固沙年限增加,自然恢复、种植差不嘎蒿和设置草方格沙障均有利于科尔沁沙地流动沙丘的生态恢复。Desertification constitutes the primary catalyst for land degradation in the Horqin Sandy Land.Implementing scientifically sound measures to mitigate sand erosion can effectively curb wind-borne sand encroachment,thereby facilitating the restoration and rehabilitation of the vegetation-soil system.This study,focusing on the high and flat mobile dunes in the Horqin Sandy Land,investigates the vegetation community characteristics and soil physical and chemical properties under three sand-fixation measures,namely natural restoration,Artemisia halodendron planting,and grass checkerboard sand barriers.The findings aim to provide scientific guidance for selecting appropriate sand-fixation measures for this specific type of dunes.The results showed that:(1)Under different sand-fixation measures,the plant species richness of flat sand dunes was grass checkerboard(20 species)>planting A.halodendron(18 species)>natural restoration(15 species);the plant species richness of high mobile dunes was grass checkerboard(14 species)>planting A.halodendron(8 species)>natural restoration(5 species).(2)There was no significant difference in soil physical and chemical properties between the high and flat moblie dunes.Setting grass checkerboard sand barriers significantly increased soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents(P<0.05);with the extension of restoration years,soil nutrient content increased significantly(P<0.05).(3)There was a significant positive correlation between soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents and species richness in the high and flat sand dunes(P<0.05).Establishing straw checkerboard sand barriers could significantly improve the species richness of plant communities and increase soil nutrients to improve soil quality,which was one of the most beneficial measures for the ecological restoration of mobile dunes in the study area.Ecological restoration is a relatively long process.With the extension of sand fixation years,natural restoration,planting A.halodendron and establishing straw checkerboard sa

关 键 词：固沙措施 流动沙丘 植物群落特征 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学] Q948.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]