超越“标签化”与偏见:对西方政治学研究中威权主义范式滥用问题的反思  

ranscending“Labelling”and Prejudice:Reflections on the Abuse of the Authoritarian Paradigm in Western Political Science Research

作　　者：林毅[1] 王翘楚 Lin Yi;Wang Qiaochu

机构地区：[1]清华大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《世界社会主义研究》2024年第2期73-84,M0005,共13页World Socialism Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“比较视野下中国式现代化超越西方式现代化的话语体系建构研究”(23BKS064)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：当前西方政治学研究中,威权主义分析范式往往提供了政体划分、政府政策过程研究以及政党问题研究中的预设立场,极大影响到对非西方国家政治制度研究进路的展开。但无论从理论科学性,还是从其实践运用来看,此类基于威权主义分析范式的研究都无法准确解读非西方国家的政治制度。相反,由于其受限于“西方中心”的意识形态,无法突破“民主-非民主”二分法的局限性,最终产出的也只能是一系列充斥着偏见与误解的“标签化”成果。对此,致力于建构本土学术话语体系的中国学界应该进行系统的反思,不仅要厘清威权主义分析与非西方国家政治现实之间的龃龉之处,更要对催生威权主义研究范式的理论渊源与政治背景进行分析,深入解析其政治绑架学术的本质,进而从根本上解构威权主义范式的合理性,为回归政治制度研究的中国立场、中国思维奠定反思超越的研究基础。In current Western political science studies, the analytical paradigm of authoritarian often provides a preset stance in the classification of political systems, studies of policy-making processes, and research of party issues. Such preset stance has significantly affected Western approaches to the political systems of non-Western countries. In both theoretical understanding and practical application, studies based on such analytical paradigm have failed to accurately interpret nonWestern political systems. Instead, constrained by the western-centric ideology and unable to overcome the limitations of the “democratic vs. non-democratic” dichotomy, their final products have turned out to be a series of labels filled with bias and misunderstanding. In response, the Chinese academia, committed to constructing a localized discourse system for the study of China's political system, should engage in systematic reflections to clarify the gap between the authoritarianism in Western analysis and the political reality of non-Western countries. More importantly, such reflection should move towards the analysis of the theoretical origins and political contexts that gave birth to the research paradigm of authoritarianism,reveal the hijacking of academic research by political interests in the West, and deconstruct the legitimacy of this paradigm at fundamental level, so as to lay a foundation for research of a reflexive and transcending nature, and for a return to the Chinese stance and Chinese thinking in the study of political systems.

关 键 词：非西方国家政治制度 威权主义范式 民主 西方话语 中国话语 

分 类 号：D0[政治法律—政治学]