实现农业“两个飞跃”的实践探索和经验启示——基于小岗村、南街村的研究  

Practical Exploration in Realizing the“Two Leaps”in Agriculture and Its Implications——Studies Based on Xiaogang Village and Nanjie Village

作　　者：左鹏 Zuo Peng

机构地区：[1]中央社会主义学院马克思主义理论教研部

出　　处：《世界社会主义研究》2024年第2期106-116,M0006,共12页World Socialism Studies

摘　　要：发展农业适度规模经营和新型农村集体经济,是党的二十大提出的全面推进乡村振兴的基本要求,也是邓小平为中国社会主义农业改革和发展设计的“两个飞跃”的重要内容。1978年,小岗村率先实行“大包干”,实现了“第一个飞跃”,但“一年越过温饱线,二十年没进富裕门”。近年来,随着土地所有权、承包权、经营权的分置改革,小岗村开始了“第二个飞跃”的实践探索。改革开放之初,南街村也曾实行家庭承包经营,但很快就跃升到集体化、集约化的层次上,以“第二个飞跃”的实现促成了全体村民的共同富裕。新时代新征程上全面实施乡村振兴战略,必须根据生产力发展状况适时推进生产关系变革,必须尊重群众的首创精神,必须保证农业改革和发展的社会主义方向,必须建设一个坚强有力的农村基层党组织。Developing agriculture with an appropriate scale of operation and a new type of rural collective economy is the basic requirement proposed by the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in promoting rural revitalization at all fronts.It is also an important part of the“two leaps”designed by Deng Xiaoping for the reform and development of socialist agriculture in China.In 1978,Xiaogang Village took the lead in implementing the“household responsibility system”,realizing the“the first leap”.However,after the villagers'basic need for food and clothing were satisfied within one year,they failed to become prosperous in the following twenty years.In recent years,with the reform that separated the ownership,use rights and management rights of land,Xiaogang Village have started practical exploration in“the second leap”.At the beginning of the reform and opening-up,Nanjie Village also adopted the household contract management,but it soon rose to the level of collectivization and intensification,and realized common prosperity of all villagers through“the second leap”.To implement the strategy of rural revitalization at all fronts on the new journey of the new era,we must promote the transformation of production relations in a timely manner in accordance with the development in productive forces,respect the pioneering spirit of the people,ensure the socialist direction of agricultural reform and development,and build strong grassroots Party organizations in rural areas.

关 键 词：乡村振兴 农业“两个飞跃” 小岗村 南街村 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济] D422.6[政治法律—政治学]