钢轨热处理喷风冷却超音速仿形喷嘴设计及仿真  

Design and simulation of supersonic profiling nozzle for rail heat treatment

作　　者：高明昕[1,2] 徐林聪 汪洋 杨建 宋华[1] Gao Mingxin;Xu Lincong;Wang Yang;Yang Jian;Song Hua(School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation,University of Science and Technology Liaoning,Anshan Liaoning 114051,China;School of Material and Metallurgy,University of Science and Technology Liaoning,Anshan Liaoning 114051,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁科技大学机械工程与自动化学院,辽宁鞍山114051 [2]辽宁科技大学材料与冶金学院,辽宁鞍山114051

出　　处：《金属热处理》2024年第3期286-292,共7页Heat Treatment of Metals

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅高校基本科研项目-面上项目(JYTMS20230951)。

摘　　要：针对钢轨风冷淬火技术存在的冷却能力弱和冷却均匀性差的突出问题,设计了超音速仿形喷嘴(SP喷嘴),通过超音速射流提高冷却能力,通过对钢轨轨头结构的仿形提高冷却均匀性。使用数值仿真结合试验研究了SP喷嘴对钢轨换热特性的影响。结果表明,SP喷嘴较现有的圆形常速喷嘴、圆形超音速喷嘴和常速仿形喷嘴的冷却能力分别提高了54.22%、13.88%和47.01%,冷却均匀性分别提高了31.11%、31.11%和6.06%。生产时,调节SP喷嘴入口压力,使高温钢轨在冷却至相变结束温度之前(约500℃)以接近但不大于其珠光体转变临界冷却速率的速率进行冷却,之后尽可能增大喷嘴入口压力,有利于在保证钢轨热处理性能的前提下提高生产效率。In view of the prominent problems of poor cooling capacity and uniformity of the rail air-quenching technology,supersonic profiling nozzle(SP nozzle)was designed to improve the cooling capacity through supersonic jet and improve the cooling uniformity through the profiling structure of the rail head,and then the effect of heat transfer characteristics of SP nozzle on the rail was studied by using the numerical simulation combined with experiments.The results show that the cooling capacity of the SP nozzle is 54.22%,13.88%and 47.01%higher,and the cooling uniformity is 31.11%,31.11%and 6.06%higher than that of the existing circular constant velocity nozzle,circular supersonic nozzle and constant velocity profiling nozzle,respectively.In the production,the following measures are beneficial for improving production efficiency while ensuring the performance of the rail:adjusting the inlet pressure of the SP nozzle to cool the rail at a rate close to but not greater than the critical cooling rate of the pearlite transformation before cooling to the end temperature of phase transformation(about 500℃),and then increasing the inlet pressure as much as possible.

关 键 词：U75V钢轨 热处理 超音速仿形喷嘴 换热特性 数值仿真 

分 类 号：TB552[理学—物理] TH122[理学—声学]