个人信息权益侵权法保护的动态体系论  

The Dynamic System Theory of Legal Protection for Personal Information Rights Infringement

作　　者：莫杨燊 Mo Yangshen

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《人权》2024年第1期119-144,共26页Human Rights

基　　金：2022年中国法学会民法学研究会青年学者研究项目“《民法典》非物质性人格权侵权责任认定中动态体系论的运用”(项目批准号:2022MFXH006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：大数据时代的到来给个人信息侵权救济在损害认定、因果关系证明、违法性判断、过错判定以及责任承担等方面均带来了前所未有的挑战,传统侵权法无法对此作出有力的回应,这严重有碍于数字社会的人权保障。动态体系论是介于固定构成要件和一般条款之间的第三条道路,既克服了“要件-效果”模式“全有全无”式法律效果评价机制的僵硬呆滞,也避免了一般条款模式的不确定性,能够切实提升法律系统应对社会变迁的灵活性。鉴此,应在动态体系论的指导之下,构建个人信息侵权的动态基础性评价框架,依靠各个基础评价要素的动态协动作用,实现对个人信息侵权的责任构成与责任承担法律效果的弹性化评价,借此化解大数据时代的个人信息侵权危机,促进作为数字人权的个人信息权益的实现。The advent of the big data era presents unprecedented challenges to remedies for personal information infringement in areas such as damage assessment,proof of causation,determination of illegality,fault assessment,and liability.Traditional tort law is unable to provide a robust response to these challenges,which severely hinders human rights protection in the digital society.Dynamic system theory represents a third path between fixed constitutive elements and general clauses.It overcomes the rigidity of the“all-or-nothing”legal effect evaluation mechanism of the“element-based effect”model and avoids the uncertainty of the general clause model.It can effectively enhance the flexibility of the legal system in responding to social changes.In light of this,it is necessary to construct a dynamic foundational evaluation framework for personal information infringement under the guidance of dynamic system theory.By relying on the dynamic interplay effect of various foundational evaluation elements,this framework can achieve a flexible evaluation of the constitutive elements of liability and the legal effects of liability for personal information infringement.Through this approach,the crisis of personal information infringement in the era of big data can be mitigated,and the realization of personal information rights as digital human rights can be promoted.

关 键 词：个人信息 数字人权 动态体系论 侵权构成 责任承担 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D923[政治法律—法学]