川芎有性生殖障碍的形态学研究  

Morphological study of sexual reproductive disorders in Ligusticum chuanxiong

作　　者：邢金牛 帅敏 杜娅萍 高伟苹 舒梦瑶 韩桂琪 陈新[1,2] 何冬梅[1,2] 郑川 XING Jin-niu;SHUAI Min;DU Ya-ping;GAO Wei-ping;SHU Meng-yao;HAN Gui-qi;CHEN Xin;HE Dong-mei;ZHENG Chuan(School of Pharmacy,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 611137,China;State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources,Chengdu 611137,China;College of Medical Technology,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 611137,China)

机构地区：[1]成都中医药大学药学院,四川成都611137 [2]西南特色中药资源国家重点实验室,四川成都611137 [3]成都中医药大学医学技术学院,四川成都611137

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2024年第6期1485-1493,共9页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：四川省自然科学基金项目(2022NSFSC0586,2023NSFSC1994);成都中医药大学“杏林学者”项目(QJRC2021010)。

摘　　要：川芎是著名的川产道地药材,原植物Ligusticum chuanxiong长期采用无性栽培,存在有性生殖障碍,制约其种质创新。该研究基于比较解剖学研究思路,通过形态解剖、石蜡切片、染色压片以及结合扫描电镜技术,对川芎及其近缘野生藁本L.sinense的生殖生长各个阶段的花部特征、果实、种子进行了比较研究。结果表明川芎花药花粉母细胞减数第二次分裂期间存在异常,四分体时期小孢子大小不均匀、数量不一致;花药发育过程中绒毡层细胞未退化完全;花粉成熟期,花药壁存在细微裂缝,花药大部分不能正常释放花粉;成熟花粉粒表面凹陷、部分畸形,花粉无活力且不能进行体外萌发,花粉内淀粉、多糖和脂类物质明显不足;川芎开花盛期花丝较短,向下反曲;果期可见双悬果,但果实干瘪,种子皱缩。对比观察同期藁本,花药发育正常,花粉粒有活力,双悬果饱满;开花盛期,花丝较长且直立,明显高于柱头。川芎和藁本子房内均可见成熟胚囊,未见明显不同,柱头也无明显差异。结论认为,川芎雄蕊发育过程中,花粉母细胞减数分裂、四分体、绒毡层、花丝等结构异常发育,川芎具有雄性不育特征,是其有性生殖障碍的重要原因。Chuanxiong Rhizoma is a well⁃known Sichuan⁃specific herbal medicine.Its original plant,Ligusticum chuanxiong,has been cultivated asexually for a long time.L.chuanxiong has sexual reproductive disorders,which restricts its germplasm innovation.However,there is little research on the reproductive system of L.chuanxiong.This study is based on a comparative anatomical research approach,using morphological dissection,paraffin sectioning,staining and compression,and combined with scanning electron micros⁃copy technology,to observe and compare the flowers,fruits,and seeds at various stages of reproductive growth of L.chuanxiong and its wild relative L.sinense.The results showed that the meiosis of pollen mother cells is abnormal in L.chuanxiong anthers,and the size and number of microspores are uneven and inconsistent in the tetrad stage.tapetum cells are not completely degenerated during anther development.During the pollen ripening stage,there are fine cracks in the anther wall,while most anthers could not release pollen normally.The surface of mature pollen grains is concave and partially deformed,and the pollens are all inactive and cannot ger⁃minate in vitro.The starch,polysaccharides,and lipids in the pollen were insufficient.The filaments of L.chuanxiong are short at the flowering stage and recurved downward.Double⁃hanging fruits were observed in the fruiting stage,being wrinkled;with shriveled seeds.Compared with L.sinense at the same stage,the anthers of L.sinense developed normally,and the pollen grains are vigorous and can germinate in vitro.The double⁃hanging fruits of L.sinense are full and normal;at the flowering period,the filaments are long and erect,significantly higher than the stigma.Mature blastocysts are visible in the ovary of both L.chuanxiong and L.sinense,and there is no significant difference in stigmas.The conclusion is that during the development of L.chuanxiong stamens,the meiosis of pollen mother cells is abnormal,and tetrad,tapetum,filament and other pollen structures develop a

关 键 词：川芎 有性生殖障碍 雄性不育 减数分裂 花药 绒毡层 花粉 

分 类 号：S567.79[农业科学—中草药栽培]