法称称《诤正理论》中的“堕负”理论  

The Theory of Fault in Va-danya-ya of Dharmakīrti

作　　者：甘伟 GAN Wei(College of National Culture and Cognitive Science,Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州民族大学民族文化与认知科学学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《安康学院学报》2024年第2期50-56,共7页Journal of Ankang University

基　　金：2020年国家社会科学基金青年项目“法称《诤正理论》译释及研究”(20CZJ004)。

摘　　要：《诤正理论》是公元七世纪印度佛教逻辑学家和哲学家法称的代表性著作之一,其核心内涵是一种在广义逻辑意义下处理论辩中输或赢的理性规则的论辩逻辑。本文选取《诤正理论》中的一个关键问题,即法称论辩逻辑的“堕负”理论。基于法称因明原典汉语疏释背景,文章首先梳理了法称论辩逻辑的先决条件即作为能立支分的三类正因在论辩中的正当性问题。其次,法称的诤论观念与正理派的曲解、倒难和堕负等三类诤论观念不同,是一种两个派别之间互相争论试图理性地说服其他论辩者改变错误观念,得出自己的观点并且反驳别人观点的论辩。最后,基于这样的论辩目的,法称给出了七种“堕负”类型,即能立支分不当过失、不说能立支分过失、非能立支分过失、似因似喻过失、抛弃支分过失、不说外论过失、说非过失为过失。Vādanyāya is one of the representative works of the Indian Buddhist logician Dharmakīrti in the seventh century AD.Its core connotation is an argumentation logic that deals with the rational rules of winning or losing in argumentation in the sense of generalized logic.This article selects a key issue in Vādanyāya,that is,Dharmakīrti's theory of“fault”in argumentation logic.Based on Dharmakīrti's Chinese interpretation background of Hetuvidyā's original classics.The article first sorts out the prerequisites of argumentation logic,that is,the legitimacy of the three types of correct reasons in argumentation.Secondly,Dharmakīrti's notion of debate is different from that of the Naiyāyikas of vāda,jalpa,and vita?.dā.It is a kind of argument between two factions in an attempt to rationally persuade other arguers to change their wrong ideas,get their own opinions and refute others'opinions.Finally,based on this argumentation purpose,Dharmakīrti gave seven types of Nigrahasthāna,that is,non-justification of a constituent of proof,non-statement of a constituent of proof,statement of what is redundant as a part of proof,statement of a fallacious constituent of proof,statement of something irrelevant,not pointing out a fault in disputant's argument,pointing out a non-fault as fault.

关 键 词：法称 《诤正理论》 堕负 

分 类 号：B81[哲学宗教—逻辑学]