氮锌配施对夏玉米灌浆期籽粒氮、锌元素吸收和转运的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen and Zinc Combined Application on Absorption and Transport of Nitrogen and Zinc in Summer Maize Grain at Filling Stage

作　　者：张盼盼 乔江方[1] 李川[1] 张美微[1] 穆蔚林 郭涵潇 岑俊娟 ZHANG Panpan;QIAO Jiangfang;LI Chuan;ZHANG Meiwei;MU Weilin;GUO Hanxiao;CEN Junjuan(Cereal Crops Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Qixian Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau,Qixian 475203,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省杞县农业农村局,河南杞县475203

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2024年第3期17-32,共16页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2300805);河南省农业科学院优秀青年科技基金项目(2022YQ03);河南省重点研发与推广专项(222102110167)。

摘　　要：以郑单958和谷神玉66为研究对象,大田条件下设置3个施氮量[225 kg/hm^(2)(HN)、180 kg/hm^(2)(MN)、90 kg/hm^(2)(LN)]和4个喷锌时期[不喷锌(Zn0)、苗期和拔节期1∶1喷锌4.5 kg/hm^(2)(Zn1)、拔节期和大口期1∶1喷锌4.5 kg/hm^(2)(Zn2)、大口期喷锌4.5 kg/hm^(2)(Zn3)],分析氮锌配施对夏玉米灌浆期籽粒氮、锌元素吸收和转运的影响,为生产上氮、锌肥的施用提供依据。结果表明,随着生育进程的推进,夏玉米籽粒中氮、锌含量总体上明显下降。成熟期,以MNZn2处理谷神玉66籽粒氮含量最高,为14.64 g/kg,氮累积量则以MNZn2处理郑单958最高;MNZn3处理谷神玉66的籽粒锌含量和累积量较高。MN处理氮花后吸收量及其贡献率均最高,分别为50.42 kg/hm^(2)和44.20%,且锌转运量最高,为61.68 g/hm^(2);Zn2处理氮花后吸收量及其贡献率和锌转运量贡献率均最高,分别为54.56 kg/hm^(2)、44.31%和17.26%;且这2个处理下的穗粒数、千粒质量和产量较高。氮转运量与氮、锌花后吸收量呈显著或极显著负相关,锌花后吸收量与籽粒中氮、锌含量和氮花后吸收量呈显著或极显著正相关。综上,在夏玉米大田生产中,施用氮肥180 kg/hm^(2),结合拔节期和大口期1∶1叶面喷施锌肥,能促进夏玉米灌浆期对氮、锌元素的吸收和转运,提高籽粒氮、锌含量,并能维持高产,达到籽粒产量和锌营养品质同步提高的目的。Field experiment was conducted with three nitrogen(N)rates(225,180 and 90 kg/ha,named as HN,MN and LN,respectively)and four foliar spray stages of zinc(Zn)(no Zn,spraying Zn of 4.5 kg/ha according to 1∶1 at seedling stage and jointing stage,spraying Zn of 4.5 kg/ha according to 1∶1 at jointing stage and flare opening stage,and spraying Zn of 4.5 kg/ha at flare opening stage,named as Zn0,Zn1,Zn2 and Zn3,respectively).The effect of N and Zn combined application on the absorption and transport of N and Zn in the grain of summer maize was studied at filling stage with ZD958 and GSY66 as materials,so as to provide the basis for fertilization of N and Zn in the production.The result showed that the N and Zn concentrations in grain generally decreased with the growth of plant.At mature stage,GSY66 of MNZn2 treatment had the highest N concentration in grain with 14.64 g/kg,while ZD958 of MNZn2 treatment had the highest N accumulation.GSY66 of MNZn3 treatment had higher Zn concentration and accumulation in grain.MN treatment had the highest N absorption and its contribution rate after anthesis with 50.42 kg/ha and 44.20%respectively,and the highest Zn transport amount with 61.68 g/ha;Zn2 treatment had the highest N absorption and its contribution rate after anthesis with 54.56 kg/ha and 44.31%respectively,and the highest contribution rate of Zn transport amount with 17.26%;under the above two treatments,the grain number per ear,1000‐grain weight and yield were higher.There was significantly or extremely significantly negative correlation between N transport amount and absorption after anthesis of N and Zn.There was significantly or extremely significantly positive correlation between Zn absorption after anthesis and the concentrations of N and Zn in grain and N absorption after anthesis.To sum up,N application rate of 180 kg/ha and spraying Zn of 4.5 kg/ha according to 1∶1 at jointing stage and flare opening stage can promote the absorption and transport of N and Zn at filling stage,increase the concentrations of

关 键 词：夏玉米 氮锌配施 灌浆期 氮元素 锌元素 吸收 转运 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]