双渠道供应链下易腐品的库存和定价决策  

Inventory and Pricing Decision-making for Perishable Products in a Dual-channel Supply Chain

作　　者：唐瑾裕 商融杰 TANG Jinyu;SHANG Rongjie(School of Management&E-business,Zhejiang Gongshang University,Hangzhou 310000,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学管理工程与电子商务学院,浙江杭州310000

出　　处：《物流技术》2024年第3期116-130,共15页Logistics Technology

摘　　要：以现实易腐产品供应链为背景,研究单一零售商和单一供应商组成的双渠道供应链模型,即供应商可通过直接在线渠道和间接零售渠道销售易腐产品,除了产品数量下降外,产品质量也会随着时间的推移而下降,同时,产品质量的下降会影响零售渠道的需求率。分别建立集中式和分散式两类模型,并提出相应算法求解最佳价格、订购频率和订购周期等。结果显示,分散式的供应链不仅会侵蚀两家公司的利润,并且产品的浪费率也较高。通过采用收入分享和二部定价法的方式能够协调供应链,减少供应链的总浪费率。同时,随着产品劣化率的提高,两家公司会更倾向于进行供应链协调,协调合同对零售商利润的提升更为显著。在模型扩展部分考虑直接渠道的交货时间,结果表明,分散式模型的供应商会投入更多资金以缩短交货时间。With the development of information technology and the improvement of people's living stan⁃dards,the demand for perishable products such as fresh food,fruits and vegetables keeps growing.As data shows,the yearly consumption of perishable foods has exceeded 1 billion tons in China.At the same time,the vigorous promotion of the"Internet+agriculture"business mode by the relevant departments brings new op⁃portunities to the agricultural products market,and online marketing has become an effective way to bring about higher agricultural products profit.Therefore,with the increasing popularity of the dual-channel sales of perishable products,the research on perishable products inventory and pricing is becoming increasingly more relevant.In this paper,in the context of a perishable products supply chain,we studied the dual-channel supply chain model composed of a single retailer and a single supplier,that is,the supplier may sell perishable products(dete⁃riorating products)directly through an online channel or indirectly through a retail channel,where in addition to decline in quantity,products will also decline in quality over time,and the decline in product quality will af⁃fect the demand rate of the retail channel.Next,we established the centralized and decentralized decisionmaking models respectively,and proposed the corresponding algorithm to determine the optimal price,order frequency,and order cycle,etc.The results obtained through the model analysis and numerical calculation were subject to sensitivity analysis over the key parameters,from which some meaningful conclusions were drawn.The results showed that a decentralized supply chain not only erodes the profits of the two supply chain members,but also leads to higher product waste.However,using revenue sharing and two-part pricing,we could coordinate the supply chain and reduce the total waste rate of the supply chain.At the same time,as the product deterioration rate increases,the two will be more inclined to coordinate the supply chain,and a coordi⁃

关 键 词：双渠道供应链 易腐产品 STACKELBERG模型 供应链协调 定价 库存 

分 类 号：F724.6[经济管理—产业经济] F274