类地行星低阶重力场、自转与内部圈层结构研究进展  

An overview and perspective of terrestrial planets'low-degree gravity field,rotation,and interior structure

作　　者：徐长仪 万妍 姜衍 魏勇[1,2,3] Xu Changyi;Wan Yan;Jiang Yan;Wei Yong(Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球与行星物理重点实验室,北京100029 [2]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [3]中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《地球与行星物理论评（中英文）》2024年第5期552-562,共11页Reviews of Geophysics and Planetary Physics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0503200);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42274114)。

摘　　要：低阶重力场和自转参数是类地行星内部结构的函数且指示着其物质成分与演化,一直是深空探测的首要目标.行星自转状态能够直接揭示行星核的密度和大小.随着深空探测数据的逐渐积累和精度的不断提高,低阶重力场和自转观测在行星内部结构,尤其是行星核方面的研究取得了一系列重要进展.本文首先介绍行星主惯性矩张量的基本理论与计算方法,接着介绍行星自转动力学基本理论以及与行星内部结构密切相关的行星自转简正模,并介绍利用低阶重力位系数求解行星主惯性矩张量的方法.本文还总结了利用有限的自转观测和低阶重力场观测确定行星平均密度和平均惯性矩的研究现状,以及反演行星内部结构的基本方法.最后,本文对目前利用低阶重力场、自转观测反演行星和小行星等内部结构方面存在的问题进行了总结与展望,希望为我国未来的深空探测计划提供科学参考与理论支持.The low-degree gravity field and rotation parameters of terrestrial planets are functions of the planet's interior structure,providing insights into their composition and evolution,which serves them as crucial targets throughout deep-space exploration.Particularly,the measurement of rotation state can directly reveal the density and size of most untouchable planetary core.With the accumulation of data and the recent high-precision deepspace missions,substantial scientific advances have been achieved in understanding the internal structure of terrestrial planets,especially the core,using the low-degree gravity field and rotation measurements.In this study,we provide a summary of the fundamental theory and method for determining the principal moment of inertia tensor of planets,and then the basic theory of planetary rotation dynamics and rotational normal modes closely related to internal structures,and the methods for solving principal moments of inertia tensors of planets using the low-degree gravitational potential coefficients.We review the up-to-date researches on determining the mean bulk density and mean moment of inertia factor through limited rotation observations and the low-degree gravity field measurements,and the basic approaches to invert interior structures.Finally,we present existing challenges in revealing interior structures from low-degree gravity field and rotation normal modes for terrestrial planets and asteroids with a hope to provide scientific references and theoretical support for Chinese future deep-space missions.

关 键 词：类地行星 内部结构 自转动力学 低阶重力场 行星核大小和密度 

分 类 号：P312[天文地球—固体地球物理学]