千岛湖坡地地表径流氮磷流失及生态拦截控制  

Nitrogen and phosphorus loss with surface runoff from slope land of Qiandao Lake and their control with ecological interception project

作　　者：蔺星娜 李惋瑾 尹园丰 邵学新[1] 吴明[1] 张龙[1] LIN Xingna;LI Wanjin;YIN Yuanfeng;SHAO Xuexin;WU Ming;ZHANG Long(Wetland Ecosystem Research Station of Hangzhou Bay,Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Hangzhou 311400;Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Station,Yinchuan 750000;School of Ecology and Environment,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241000)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,杭州湾湿地生态系统定位观测研究站,杭州311400 [2]宁夏回族自治区水土保持监测总站,银川750000 [3]安徽师范大学生态与环境学院,芜湖241000

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2024年第3期150-156,共7页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：浙江省省院合作林业科技项目(No.2021SY03);中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所项目(No.RISFZ-2023-01)。

摘　　要：千岛湖是我国华东地区的重要水源地,明确该区周边坡地地表径流的氮、磷流失特征,探究生态拦截带/沟对坡地地表径流氮、磷流失的控制效果,对保障长三角地区的水生态安全至关重要.以千岛湖4种典型坡地(茶园P1、油茶×茶树混交P2、果园P3和农田P4)为研究对象,分别收集了生态拦截带/沟建设前、后4种坡地在中雨、大雨、暴雨3种自然降雨下的地表径流,测定了水体总氮、总磷、铵氮和硝态氮含量,分析了坡地地表径流氮、磷含量在不同坡地利用、不同雨量及生态拦截带/沟建设前后的差异.结果表明:①坡地地表径流氮、磷含量由大到小依次为:P2、P3、P1、P4;②随着日降雨量的增加,坡地地表径流总氮含量增加,暴雨条件下地表径流的总磷含量显著高于大雨和中雨条件;③生态拦截带/沟能减少坡地地表径流70%以上的总氮含量和90%以上的总磷含量.目前千岛湖周边坡地地表径流氮、磷含量超标,可通过布设生态拦截带/沟、并配置乡土水生植物,减少地表径流氮、磷的直接入湖量,保障千岛湖的水生态安全.Qiandao Lake is an important water source in eastern China.To ensure the water security of the Yangtze River Delta,it is essential to clarify the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loss of surface runoff on the surrounding slopes,and to explore the control effects of ecological interceptors/ditches on reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loss of surface runoff.Four typical slope lands of Qiandao Lake(P1-Tea,P2-Camellia oleifera Abel mixed with tea,P3-Orchard and P4-Farmland)were designed as research objects to collect surface runoff before and after the construction of the ecological interception projects under moderate,heavy and torrential rain.The contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen of surface runoff under three kinds of natural rainfall were determined.The results are following:①nitrogen and phosphorus contents in surface runoff of slopes from large to small were:P2,P3,P1,P4;②with the increase of daily rainfall,the nitrogen content of surface runoff on slopes increased,and the phosphorus content of surface runoff at torrential rain was larger significantly than that at heavy and moderate rain;③ecological interception projects can effectively control the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface runoff,with an average interception rate of above 70%and 90%for nitrogen and phosphorus,respectively.At present,the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface runoff of the slopes around Qiandao Lake exceeds the standard.It is possible to reduce the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface runoff directly into the lake by laying out ecological interception projects with native aquatic plants.

关 键 词：千岛湖 坡地利用 地表径流 氮磷流失 生态拦截 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]