不同覆膜方式对白及生长及根际土壤可培养细菌遗传多样性的影响  

Effect of different mulching on Bletilla striata growth and genetic diversity of culturable bacteria in rhizospheric soil

作　　者：徐歆雅 陈晴 吴郡颖 戴林刚 温宇珂 齐浩然 余秀梅 陈强 XU Xin-ya;CHEN Qing;WU Jun-ying;DAI Lin-gang;WEN Yu-ke;QI Hao-ran;YU Xiu-mei;CHEN Qiang(College of Resources,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学资源学院,成都611130

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第2期268-275,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家农业产业技术体系四川创新团队建设项目(sccxtd⁃2022⁃07);大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202010626094)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确不同地膜覆盖对白及生长及根际土壤可培养细菌遗传多样性的影响,为生物质膜覆盖在白及种植上的应用提供理论支撑。【方法】采用大田试验种植白及,设置不覆膜(CK)、覆盖生物基质膜(BM)、覆盖塑料地膜(PM)3个处理,分别测定田间杂草去除率、白及农艺性状、白及根际土壤理化性质和根际土壤可培养细菌遗传多样性。【结果】覆膜处理(PM、BM)可有效抑制杂草生长,以BM抑制杂草效果最好,杂草去除率达99.74%。生物质膜覆盖可有效促进白及生长,与CK和PM相比,BM处理的白及叶片长宽比分别显著提高26.55%和22.03%,SPAD值显著增加21.92%和19.20%(P<0.05);BM处理可显著提高土壤肥力,土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别比CK处理上升26.58%、35.34%、49.80%、47.43%(P<0.05)。本实验从CK、PM和BM处理土壤分别获得26、23和29株细菌,BOXA1R形成42个遗传群,代表菌株的16S rRNA基因系统发育分析表明,供试菌株分布于8个属,较好地揭示了菌株间的遗传多样性。同时,不同处理土壤优势类群也存在差异,CK处理的优势细菌为粘着剑菌,占比15.4%,BM为假蕈状芽孢杆菌,占比13.8%,PM为花椒芽孢杆菌,占比17.4%。单独从BM处理白及根际土壤分离得到枯草芽孢杆菌、暹罗芽孢杆菌等9个具有促生功能的细菌种群。【结论】生物质膜覆盖种植白及在去除杂草、促进白及生长、有效提升土壤养分方面表现出优良的效果,具有良好的应用前景。【Objective】The effects of different mulch covering on the growth of Bletilla striata and the genetic diversity of culturable bacteria in rhizosphere soil were studied to provide theoretical support for the application of mulch covering in B.striata.【Method】In the study,field experiment was designed to plant B.striata and three treatments were set as non⁃film coating(CK),covering with bio⁃matrix film(BM)and covering with plastic mulch(PM).The removal rate of weeds,agronomic traits of B.striata,physical and chemical properties of B.striata planting rhizosphere soil and genetic diversity of culturable bacteria in rhizosphere soil were performed.【Result】Treatment PM,BM could effectively inhibit weed growth,and BM had the best weed controlling effect,with the highest weed removal rate of 99.74%.Bio⁃ma⁃trix film mulching effectively promoted the growth of B.striata.Compared with CK and PM treatments,the leaf length⁃width ratio of B.stri⁃ata in BM treatment was significantly increased by 26.55%and 22.03%,respectively,and SPAD value was obviously improved by 21.92%and 19.20%(P<0.05).BM treatment could significantly improve soil fertility.Compared with CK treatment,the contents of soil organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 26.58%,35.34%,49.80%and 47.43%,respectively(P<0.05).In the study,26,23 and 29 bacterial strains were isolated from CK,PM and BM treatments,respectively.Based on BOXA1R analysis,42 genetic groups were formed.Phylogeny was obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequences of representative strains,and the results showed that the tested strains were distributed in 8 genera,revealing that the genetic diversity among strains existed.At the same time,the results suggested that the soil dominant bacterial groups in different treatments were also different.CK was E.adhaerens,accounting for 15.4%,BM was B.pseudomycoides,accounting for 13.8%,and PM was B.zanthoxyli,accounting for 17.4%.Moreover,9 bacterial populations with good growth⁃promoting abi

关 键 词：生物质可降解地膜 除草效果 白及 土壤养分 可培养细菌遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]