黄河流域(济南段)土壤元素分布特征及作物营养元素分析  

Distribution characteristics of soil elements and analysis of crop nutrient elements in the Huanghe River basin(Jinan section)

作　　者：孙述海 郝杰 姚文静 岳伟佳 李岩涛 李高源 魏金钊 SUN Shu-hai;HAO Jie;YAO Wen-jing;YUE Wei-jia;LI Yan-tao;LI Gao-yuan;WEI Jin-zhao(801 Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology&Mineral Resources/Shandong Geological and Mineral Engineering Survey Institute,Jinan 250014,China;Construction Management Department of Jinan New and Old Energy Conversion Starting Zone Management Committee,Jinan 250000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队/山东省地矿工程勘察院,济南250014 [2]济南新旧动能转换起步区管理委员会建设管理部,济南250000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第2期391-403,共13页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：济南市自然资源和规划局2020年地质环境类服务项目[JNCZ(TQ)⁃GK⁃2020⁃0100]。

摘　　要：【目的】探究黄河流域(济南段)的土壤元素含量及分布特征,了解人类活动对土壤元素含量的影响,为土地利用和土壤改良提供基础数据。【方法】采集调查区土壤样品,分析29种土壤元素指标,用统计学、空间分析和变异系数等方法分析元素在不同土壤类型、不同土地利用类型及不同行政区的分布特征,农作物营养元素区域差异化及影响因素。【结果】黄河流域(济南段)内元素背景值明显偏高的有Hg、As、Cd、S、Corg、Co、N、B、CaO、Se、F,大多数元素变异系数在0.25以下,部分有害元素变异系数大于0.4。不同行政区表层土壤中大多数元素的变异系数较小,即元素分布均匀,MgO变异系数达0.7以上,说明人为因素对此类元素的影响较大。不同土壤类型中的S、Corg和N等元素有明显差异,其中农村宅基地中的CaO、Zn、MgO和Na_(2)O偏高。调查区表层土壤全氮含量以中等丰度为主,占调查区面积的62.60%;全磷含量丰富,中等以上等级区面积占调查区总面积的80.69%;全钾以二级较丰富为主,面积占调查区76.87%。黄河流域(济南段)广泛分布的土壤类型为普通潮土,成土母质含丰富CaCO_(3),使pH高于7.5。【结论】黄河流域(济南段)内大多数元素区域分布均匀,土壤污染压力较小,与直管区工业发展程度整体不高的背景相吻合。Hg元素变异系数较高(>0.4),说明人类活动对土壤质量产生了影响。大部分地区N、P、K等较富集,适合发展种植业。【Objective】The study aimed to explore the content and distribution characteristics of soil elements in the Huanghe basin(Jinan section),understand the impact of human activities on soil quality,and provide basic data for land use and soil improvement.【Method】Soil samples were collected and 29 soil elements were analyzed.The distribution characteristics of soil elements in different soil types,different land use types and different administrative regions,regional differentiation of crop nutrient elements and influencing factors were analyzed by statistics,spatial analysis and coefficient of variation.【Result】Hg,As,Cd,S,Corg,Co,N,B,CaO,Se,F had significantly higher background values of elements in the survey area.The coefficient of variation of the most elements was below 0.25,and the variation coefficient of some harmful elements was greater than 0.4.The variation coefficient of the most elements in the surface soil of different administrative regions was relatively small and could achieve uniform distribution.Some heavy metal elements,such as Hg,had a variation coefficient greater than 0.4 in each region.Each administrative region had two or more elements with a variation coefficient greater than 0.4,and the variation coefficient of MgO could reach 0.7 or more,indicating that human factors had a significant impact on such elements.There were obvious differences in S,Corg,N and other elements in different soil type,among which CaO,Zn,MgO and Na_(2)O in rural homestead were higher.The total nitrogen content of the surface soil in the survey area was mainly of medium abundance,accounting for 62.60%of the survey area;The total phosphorus content was rich,and the areas with medium or higher grades,accounting for 80.69%of the total area of the survey area;The total potassium was mainly abundant in the second level,accounting for 76.87%of the surveyed area.The soil type widely distributed in this area was ordinary fluvo aquic soil.The parent material of soil formation contained rich CaCO_(3),which made the p

关 键 词：土壤营养元素 元素背景值 元素区域特征 元素变异系数 有害元素 

分 类 号：S159[农业科学—土壤学]