伊犁河谷不同雨型下自然与人工植被的水土流失特征  

Characteristics of soil and water loss of natural and artificial vegetation under different rainfall patterns in ILi River Valley

作　　者：李燕刚 胡桂清[1] 张文太[1] 刘星宏 孙桂丽[2] LI Yan-gang;HU Gui-qing;ZHANG Wen-tai;LIU Xing-hong;SUN Gui-li(College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes,Urumqi 830052,China;College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院/新疆土壤与植物生态过程自治区级重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2024年第2期404-411,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区二次引进项目(2022012);新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才计划(2021259)。

摘　　要：【目的】为科学防控西北干旱区草地水土流失以及比较不同雨型下植被的径流调控效果。【方法】2021—2022年雨季在伊宁市铁厂沟水土保持径流场,采用K均值方法将研究区13场侵蚀性降雨划分为3类,并监测5种自然植被(霸王、驼绒藜、伊犁绢蒿、骆驼刺、苦豆子)和3种人工植被(榆树、紫穗槐、狗牙根)的产流产沙特征,探讨不同雨型下各植被的产流产沙规律,采用灰色关联度分析雨型和植被小区对产流产沙的影响。【结果】①伊犁河谷土壤侵蚀的主导雨型是B雨型(中雨量、短历时、中雨强),对坡面产流产沙的贡献程度达到53.5%。A雨型(低雨量、长历时、低雨强)和C雨型(高雨量、长历时、高雨强)贡献率较低;②自然植被的减流减沙效益高于人工植被,自然植被在A雨型下减流减沙效益最好(87.3%~95.2%),人工植被在C雨型下减流减沙效益最差(39.2%~52.7%);③降雨量和平均雨强显著影响径流深和土壤流失量(P<0.05),灰色关联度从大到小排序为伊犁绢蒿>苦豆子>霸王>紫穗槐>骆驼刺>狗牙根>榆树>驼绒藜。【结论】伊犁河谷进行植被恢复可有效减少水土流失,不同雨型下自然植被的减流减沙效益优于人工植被,单一植被的减流减沙效益与其覆盖度有关。研究结果可为西北干旱区国土绿化、土地荒漠化和水土流失防治提供理论基础。【Objective】The study aimed to scientifically prevent and control the soil and water loss of grassland in the arid area of Northwest China and compare the runoff control effect of vegetation under different rainfall patterns.【Method】Based on the K⁃means classification method,13 rainfall events in the study area were divided into three categories in the soil and water conservation runoff field of Tiechanggou in Yining city during the rainy season from 2021 to 2022.The characteristics of runoff and sediment yield of five natural vegetations(Zygo⁃phyllum xanthoxylon,Ceratoides latens,Seriphidium transillense,Alhagi sparsifolia,Sophora alopecuroides)and three artificial vegetations(Ul⁃mus pumila,Amorpha fruticosa,Cynodon dactylon)were monitored.The law of runoff and sediment yield of vegetation under different rainfall patterns was discussed,and the influence of rainfall pattern and vegetation plot on runoff and sediment yield was analyzed by grey correlation degree.【Result】(i)The dominant rainfall pattern of soil erosion in the ILi River Valley was(medium rainfall,short duration,medium rainfall intensity)B rainfall pattern,which contributed 53.5%to the runoff and sediment yield on the slope.The contribution rate of A rain type(low rainfall,long duration,low rainfall intensity)and C rain type(high rainfall,long duration,high rainfall intensity)was low.(ii)The runoff and sediment reduction benefit of natural vegetation was higher than that of artificial vegetation.The runoff and sediment reduction benefit of natural vegetation under A rain pattern was the best(87.3%-95.2%),and that of artificial vegetation under C rain pattern was the worst(39.2%-52.7%).(iii)Rainfall and average rainfall intensity significantly affected runoff depth and soil loss(P<0.05).The order of grey correlation degree from large to small was S.transiliense>S.alopecuroides>Z.xanthoxylum>A.fruticose>A.sparsifolia>C.dactylon>U.pumila>C.latens.【Conclusion】Vegetation restoration in the ILi River Valley can effectively reduce soil

关 键 词：降雨类型 坡面径流 植被恢复 水土流失 灰色关联度 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]