西北地区主要粮食作物种植的水、碳足迹及布局优化  

Water and Carbon Footprint and Layout Optimization of Major Grain Crops in the Northwest China

作　　者：王楚凡 牛俊 WANG ChuFan;NIU Jun(State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources,Beijing 100083;National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province,Wuwei 733009,Gansu;Center for Agricultural Water Research in China,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]农业水资源高效利用全国重点实验室,北京100083 [2]甘肃武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测研究站,甘肃武威733009 [3]中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第6期1137-1152,共16页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1900501);国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(51861125103)。

摘　　要：【目的】对西北地区主要粮食作物碳足迹和水足迹进行评估,并基于碳足迹和水足迹建立多目标种植结构优化模型,对各省(区)粮食作物进行空间布局调整,为减少碳排放量和强化水资源管理提供理论依据。【方法】以西北地区小麦、玉米和水稻种植面积、产量和农资投入量等为基础数据,利用生命周期法(LCA)对碳足迹进行评估;以蒸散量和有效降水量为基础数据,利用Penman-Monteith公式对水足迹进行评估;基于熵权法对西北五省(区)三大粮食作物布局进行多目标优化。【结果】1999—2020年西北地区小麦、玉米、水稻的碳足迹和水足迹在不同省(区)表现出明显的差异性。西北地区3种粮食作物小麦、玉米、水稻碳排放呈现出东西部较高,中部较低的分布特点,其单位产量碳足迹(PCF)的范围分别为:0.36—0.63、0.33—0.56、0.57—0.97 t CO_(2)-eq·t^(-1),单位面积碳足迹(FCF)分别为:(2.46±0.77)、(3.21±0.49)、(5.57±0.91)t CO_(2)-eq·hm^(-2)。2010—2018年西北地区小麦、玉米绿水总量呈平稳上升趋势,水稻绿水总量变化不显著。平均绿水总量较高的地区分布在陕西、甘肃和宁夏。蓝水总量在2010—2015年呈上升趋势,2016—2018年呈现下降趋势,平均蓝水总量较高的地区分布在甘肃、宁夏和新疆。玉米是西北地区三大粮食作物中蓝水足迹最小的作物,平均蓝水足迹为0.45 m^(3)·kg^(-1);水稻的蓝水足迹最大,平均蓝水足迹为0.77 m^(3)·kg^(-1)。基于碳足迹和水足迹进行粮食作物种植结构优化,以各省(区)不同作物种植面积为决策变量,并根据不同权重设置重点减少碳排放(生态效益)和重点增加绿水利用(水资源效益)的优化情景。情景1碳排放总量减少1.9%,绿水利用总量增加5.0%;情景2碳排放总量减少11.8%;情景3绿水利用总量增加6.7%。【结论】西北地区三大粮食作物碳排放和水总量时空差异显著。碳足迹方面,【Objective】This paper assessed the carbon footprint and water footprint of major food crops in the northwest region,and established a multi-objective planting structure optimization model based on the carbon footprint and water footprint to adjust the spatial distribution of food crops in each province,so as to provide a theoretical basis for reducing carbon emissions and enhancing water resource management.【Method】Based on the planting area,yield,and agricultural inputs of wheat,maize,and rice in the northwest region,the carbon footprint was evaluated using Life Cycle Analysis(LCA);Based on evapotranspiration and effective precipitation,the water footprint was evaluated by Penman-Monteith formula;Multi objective optimization of the layout of three major grain crops in the five northwest provinces was performed based on entropy weight method.【Result】The data showed that the carbon footprint and water footprint of wheat,maize and rice in northwest China from 1999 to 2020 showed significant differences in different provinces.In the northwest region,the carbon emissions from the production of three grain crops,wheat,maize and rice showed a distribution pattern of higher levels in the eastern and western regions and lower levels in the central region;the range of carbon footprint per unit production(PCF)was 0.36-0.63,0.33-0.56,0.57-0.97 t CO_(2)-eq·t^(-1),respectively;the carbon footprint per unit area(FCF)was(2.46±0.77),(3.21±0.49)and(5.57±0.91)t CO_(2)-eq·hm^(-2),respectively.From 2010 to 2018,the total green water content of wheat,maize and rice in the northwest region showed a steady upward trend,with regions with higher average green water content distributed in Shaanxi,Gansu,and Ningxia.The total amount of blue water showed an upward trend from 2010 to 2015,and a downward trend from 2015 to 2018.The regions with higher average total blue water were distributed in Gansu,Ningxia,and Xinjiang.Among the three major grain crops in northwest China,maize consumes the least blue water footprint,with an

关 键 词：碳足迹 水足迹 种植结构优化 粮食作物 西北地区 

分 类 号：S-01[农业科学]