小麦穗发芽抗性机制及抗性育种研究  

Research on the Mechanisms of Pre-Harvest Sprouting and Resistant Breeding in Wheat

作　　者：董慧雪 陈倩[1,3] 郭晓江 王际睿 DONG HuiXue;CHEN Qian;GUO XiaoJiang;WANG JiRui(State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130;College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130;Triticeae Research Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130;Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement in Southwest China,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室,成都611130 [2]四川农业大学农学院,成都611130 [3]四川农业大学小麦研究所,成都611130 [4]四川农业大学西南作物基因资源与遗传改良教育部重点实验室,成都611130

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第7期1237-1254,共18页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：科技创新2030(2023ZD04069);国家农业科技重大专项(NK20220607);国家自然科学基金(32301810,32301837,U22A20472);国家重点研发计划(2018YFE0112000);四川省科技计划(2023NSFSC0217,2021YFH0077)。

摘　　要：穗发芽是禾本科作物籽粒在收获前于高湿环境下的穗上发芽现象,严重影响小麦的产量与品质。种子休眠水平是影响小麦穗发芽抗性的主要因素,而往往驯化作物的籽粒休眠水平低,导致栽培小麦普遍比其野生祖先种更易发生穗发芽。小麦穗发芽主要受外源环境(温度、湿度等)和内源植物激素(GAs、ABA、IAA、MeJA、ET、BR)的调控。已鉴定出一批抗穗发芽材料,并克隆了一系列调控穗发芽抗性的关键基因,如PM19、MFT、MKK3、Myb10-3D、Vp1等。通过分子标记辅助选择、人工合成小麦和CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术,已成功创制了抗穗发芽小麦新材料。本文综述了小麦穗发芽抗性的遗传机制及抗性育种研究的最新进展,未来仍需继续挖掘关键穗发芽抗性基因,以生物育种的方法培育抗穗发芽小麦新品种。Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)refers to the germination of cereal crops on the spike in high humidity conditions before grain harvest.Wheat PHS is a significant problem that affects both the yield and quality of wheat.Seed dormancy level is a major factor influencing the resistance of wheat PHS,and domesticated crops often exhibit reduced seed dormancy levels,making cultivated wheat more prone to PHS compared to its wild ancestors.Wheat PHS is mainly regulated by external environmental factors such as temperature and humidity,as well as internal plant hormones(GAs,ABA,IAA,MeJA,ET,BR).Researchers have identified a range of materials resistant to PHS,cloned key genes regulating PHS resistance,such as PM19,MFT,MKK3,Myb10-3D,Vp1.New wheat materials resistant to PHS have been successfully developed through molecular marker-assisted selection,artificial synthesis of wheat,and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology.This article reviews the genetic mechanism of PHS resistance in wheat and the latest progress in PHS resistance breeding research.In the future,it is necessary to continue exploring key genes related to PHS resistance,and employ biotechnological breeding methods to cultivate new PHS-resistant wheat varieties.

关 键 词：小麦 穗发芽 种子休眠 激素 育种改良 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]