甲壳生物质修复废弃煤矿酸性矿坑水研究进展  

Remediation of acid mine drainage from abandoned coal mines by crustacean biomass

作　　者：贾郁菲 陈宏坪 张文影 艾雨露 陈梦舫[1,2] JIA Yufei;CHEN Hongping;ZHANG Wenying;AI Yulu;CHEN Mengfang(State KeyLaboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展全国重点实验室,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《环境保护科学》2024年第2期1-7,共7页Environmental Protection Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42207093);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20210995);中国科学院特别研究助理资助项目(2022ZB459)。

摘　　要：废弃高硫煤矿酸性矿坑水(Acid mine drainage,AMD)污染是我国生态文明建设面临的重大挑战。研发低成本、可持续环境功能材料对AMD进行绿色低碳修复已成为重大科技需求。甲壳生物质富含碳酸钙、甲壳素和蛋白质,且来源广泛,利用率低。利用甲壳生物质制备修复材料治理AMD体现了“以废治废”的理念。文章综述了虾蟹壳作为修复材料治理AMD的研究现状,结果表明:虾壳既可作为碱性材料中和AMD的酸度,也可作为有机基质促进微生物的代谢活性。此外,虾壳提取物甲壳素及其衍生物壳聚糖具有丰富的羟基、氨基等官能团,可与AMD中重金属离子形成配位络合物。虾壳是具有应用前景的废弃煤矿AMD多功能修复材料。虾壳中甲壳素的绿色提取技术及其在矿区实际条件下的修复应用将是今后研究的前沿和重点。Acid mine drainage(AMD)pollution from abandoned sulfur-rich coal mines represents a major challenge for building an ecological civilization in China.Completing a green and low-carbon measure for treating AMD using low-cost and sustainable environmental materials has become a major scientific and technological demand.Chitin Biomass is rich in calcium carbonate,chitin and protein,with a wide range of sources and low use rates.Using shrimp and crab shells to prepare remediation materials in treating AMD reflects“Treating the wastes with wastes”.Based on the review of the research status of shrimp and crab shells as a remediation material for treating AMD,it was identified that shrimp shells could be used not only as an alkaline material to neutralize the acidity of AMD,but also as an organic to promote the metabolic activities of microorganisms.In addition,the chitin and the gained chitosan extracted from shrimp shells were rich in groups such as hydroxyl and amino groups which could form coordination complexes with heavy metal ions.Thus,shrimp shells were promising multifunctional materials for treating AMD in abandoned coal mines.The green chitin extraction technology from shrimp shells and its restoration application under mining conditions will be the frontier and focus of future research.

关 键 词：酸性矿坑水 甲壳生物质 甲壳素 壳聚糖 

分 类 号：X752[环境科学与工程—环境工程]