大型水电工程与区域生态因子变化的关联性研究——以向家坝、溪洛渡电站为例  

The relationship between large hydropower projects and regional ecological factors——Taking Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu power stations as examples

作　　者：朱俊 张勇 毕明亮 夏德锋 曾庆华 洪辛茜 ZHU Jun;ZHANG Yong;BI Mingliang;XIA Defeng;ZENG Qinghua;HONG Xinqian(Basin Hub Operation and Management center of China Three Gorges Group Co,LTD,Yichang 443133,China;Yunnan University,Kunming 650031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国长江三峡集团有限公司流域枢纽运行管理中心,宜昌443133 [2]云南大学,昆明650500

出　　处：《环境保护科学》2024年第2期85-93,共9页Environmental Protection Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U2102209);中国三峡建工(集团)有限公司技术服务项目(JG/18103B&4B&5B&6B)。

摘　　要：文章以向家坝-溪洛渡电站所在流域为研究区,分析了大型水电工程建设与区域内典型生态因子变化的关联性。首先分析了流域内土地覆盖和典型地表参数(归一化植被指数NDVI、植被净初级生产力NPP、地表蒸发量ET以及地表温度LST)的时空规律。在此基础上,基于缓冲区分析方法,计算了电站枢纽区周边地表参数的变化特征,并且分析了水电工程对地表参数的空间影响尺度。研究发现:(1)土地覆盖方面,2000年以来流域内的林地、草地、耕地进行了一定的转化,但总体格局保持稳定。流域内人造表面面积大幅增加,但从整体上占比仍较小,说明水电工程对流域整体的土地覆盖影响较小;(2)植被时空变化方面,2000年以来流域NDVI以及NPP有显著改善,但地表参数变化趋势的空间变异性显著;(3)关联分析方面,电站蓄水后,未发现植被参数(NDVI、NPP)有显著变化。电站蓄水后对缓冲区内蒸发量和地表温度存在一定影响,但影响并不稳定。Taking Xiangjiaba-Xiluodu Hydropower Stations as the study area,this paper analyzes the relationship between the construction of large hydropower projects and the changes in typical ecological factors in the region.Firstly,the spatiotemporal rules of land cover and typical surface parameters(normalized vegetation index NDVI,net primary productivity NPP,surface evaporation ET,and surface temperature LST)were analyzed.Based on the buffer analysis method,the variation characteristics of the surface parameters around the power station hub area are calculated,and the spatial impact scale of the hydropower project on the surface parameters is analyzed.The results showed that in terms of land cover,woodland,grassland and cultivated land in the basin have been transformed to a certain extent since 2000,but the overall pattern remains stable.The artificial surface area in the basin increased significantly,but the overall proportion was still small,indicating that the hydropower project had little impact on the overall land cover of the basin.In terms of spatiotemporal changes in vegetation,NDVI and NPP have improved significantly since 2000,but the spatial variability of the variation trend of surface parameters is significant.With correlation analysis,no significant changes in vegetation parameters(NDVI and NPP)were found after water storage.Some effects on evaporation and surface temperature in buffer zones after water storage,but the effects are not stable.

关 键 词：水电工程 生态影响 植被 蒸发 地表温度 

分 类 号：X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TV74[水利工程—水利水电工程]