违约视角下的唐五代宋初敦煌收养文书研究  

Study on Dunhuang Adoption Documents in the Tang,Five Dynasties and Early Song Dynasty from the Perspective of Breach of Contract

作　　者：陈璇晔 Chen Xuanye

机构地区：[1]甘肃政法大学法学院

出　　处：《兰台世界》2024年第3期150-153,共4页Lantai World

基　　金：甘肃政法大学研究生科研创新项目“习惯法视野下的敦煌契约文书研究”(项目编号:2022007)。

摘　　要：关于敦煌收养契约中的违约情形,养子不孝顺父母的情形遵循了传统法文化意义上的孝道标准并主要体现在能否善事父母上;父母不善待养子的情形约定有利于保障养子的权利,并呈现出民间契约秩序具体规则的灵活性;此外还包括拒不履行契约义务的翻悔行为。在违约责任承担上,敦煌收养文书中存在经济惩罚为主的违约罚则以及精神惩罚为主的五逆之罪;收养文书在国家律令基础上进一步限制了立契各方的收养关系解除权,并将收养关系解除约定为违约后果的一种。关于收养文书违约处分的特点,违约责任的承担形式具有多元性,民间规则占据了重要地位且与国家律令相互契合。As for the situations of breach of contract in the Dunhuang adoption contracts,the situation of adopted sons not filial to their parents followed the standard of filial piety in the sense of traditional legal culture and was mainly embodied in whether they could serve their parents well,while the agreement on the situation when parents did not treat their adopted sons well was conducive to protecting the rights of adopted sons,and presented the flexibility of specific rules in the order of civil contracts.In addition,the situations also included the refusal to perform contractual obligations.In terms of liability for breach of contract,there were penalties for breach of contract based on economic punishment and penalties for five evils based on spiritual punishment in Dunhuang adoption documents.On the basis of national laws and decrees,the adoption documents further restricted the right of terminating the adoptive relationship of all the parties to the contract,and stipulated the termination of the adoptive relationship as one of the consequences of breach of contract.Regarding the characteristics of breach of contract in adoption documents,the forms of liability for breach of contract were diversified,and folk rules occupied an important position and were in line with national laws anddecrees.

关 键 词：敦煌契约 收养关系 违约情形 违约责任 

分 类 号：K870.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]