何谓真正的理性宗教?——斯宾诺莎与康德的宗教批判理论辨析  

What is the True Rational Religion:Analysis of the Religious Critical Theory between Spinoza and Kant

作　　者：双修海 SHUANG Xiuhai(School of Marxism,Dongguan University of Technology,Dongguan 523808,China)

机构地区：[1]东莞理工学院马克思主义学院,广东东莞523808

出　　处：《东莞理工学院学报》2024年第2期1-8,共8页Journal of Dongguan University of Technology

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划青年项目“心身问题的功能主义进路研究”(GD20YZX02)。

摘　　要：斯宾诺莎和康德是近代哲学家中主张宗教理性化的两位激进代表,但二人在何谓理性宗教的问题上却相去甚远,形成两种截然对立的宗教批判理论,分别称为泛神论和道德神论。泛神论把矛头直指天启神论,属于某种形式的自然神论;道德神论则攻击一切形式的自然神论,尤其是斯宾诺莎的泛神论。康德的道德神论并不能独立自存,本质上隶属于自然神论;而斯宾诺莎的自然神论也不完备,仍需康德自然目的论作为补充;一种真正健全的理性宗教,其核心要义介于斯宾诺莎和康德之间,能够与主张幸福至上的功利主义和倡导适者生存的自然选择理论保持内在一致。Spinoza and Kant are two radical representatives of modern philosophers who advocate religious rationalization,but they are far apart from answering the question of what is rational religion,forming two completely opposed religious critical theories,respectively called pantheism and moral theology.The former points to revealed genism,which belongs to a form of theism,while the latter attacks all theism,especially Spinoza’s pantheism.This paper demonstrates that Kant’s moral theism cannot be independent,it is essentially affiliated to natural theism;while Spinoza’s natural theism is incomplete,it’s still needs to be supplemented by Kant’s natural teleology;a rational religion which is truly sound,its religion view is between Spinoza and Kant,and is consistent with the utilitarianism of advocating Happiness supremacy and the natural selection theory of advocating the survival of the fittest.

关 键 词：斯宾诺莎 康德 理性宗教 自然神论 道德神论 

分 类 号：D502.31[政治法律—政治学]