轻罪时代背景下偷拍入刑之否定——基于法益保护与比例原则的双重检验  

The Negation of the Crime under the Background of the Era of Misdemeanors:Double Test based on Legal Interest Protection and Proportionality Principle

作　　者：李梦遥 LI Meng-yao(Shen Junru Law School,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学沈钧儒法学院,浙江杭州311121

出　　处：《山西青年职业学院学报》2024年第1期53-60,共8页Journal of Shanxi Youth Vocational College

摘　　要：运用刑事手段对偷拍进行规制成为多个国家的普遍选择。目前,我国刑法学界也不乏对偷拍行为入刑的支持。通过正当性检验发现,损害原则的内涵过于宽泛难以解释偷拍立法的正当性;根据冒犯原则,当私密照片、视频经广泛传播对其他不特定多数人形成了深度冒犯时,具有处罚必要性;根据法益原则,行为人如利用偷拍成果基于不同目的对他人实施一定行为,并达到构成要件要求的是对他人相关法益的侵害,如侮辱罪。基于比例原则的检视,为了自行观赏的偷拍是一定私人行为,并不具备严重的法益侵害性,行政处罚与民事责任以及其他非法律手段能够给予行为人相应规制,无需动用刑法。The use of criminal means to regulate candid photography has become a common option in numerous countries,and there is no shortage of support within the criminal law community in our country to punish the practice.By the test of legality,it was found that the harm principle was overly broad in its connotation,and that it was difficult to explain the legality of the legislation on candid photography.Under the offense principle,penalties are necessary when a private photo or video is widely distributed,causing deep offense to an unspecified majority.According to the principle of legal interest,if the perpetrator uses the results of candid photography for a different purpose and satisfies the requirements of the constitutive element,it creates a related legal interest infringement against others,such as an insult offence.Based on the principle of proportionality,candid photography for self-viewing is a private act and does not constitute a serious infringement of a legal interest.Administrative penalties,civil liability and other non-legal means can be used to give the perpetrator corresponding regulation without resorting to criminal law.

关 键 词：偷拍 法益侵害说 冒犯原则 比例原则 轻罪时代 

分 类 号：DF639[政治法律—刑法学]