某水电站泄洪底孔消能工体型优化  

Shape optimization of energy dissipation structure in flood discharge bottom orifice of hydropower station

作　　者：张曜 尹进步[1] 吴西杰 吴伟[1] 龚刚 ZHANG Yao;YIN Jinbu;WU Xijie;WU Wei;GONG Gang(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;PowerChina Guiyang Engineering Corporation Limited,Guiyang,Guizhou 550081,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司,贵州贵阳550081

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2024年第4期403-409,共7页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51279170)。

摘　　要：针对某水电站消能区狭窄、左岸水电站尾水渠易受到影响的问题,为了将水舌导向消力池中央,进行了挑流导向方案和面流扩散方案体型优选,最终推荐体型为面流扩散式消能工,并采用模型试验和数值模拟相结合的方法对原设计体型和推荐体型的流态、底板时均压强、脉动压强、流速分布、冲刷特性和消能率进行了对比研究.结果表明:原设计窄缝方案消能效果良好,但水舌主流集中在左右岸两侧,造成了两岸局部冲刷;而面流扩散式方案使下泄水流形成自由面流流态,并快速扩散至整个河道,消能区扩大,有效地降低了底板时均压强、脉动压强、临底流速,且流速和压强分布更加均匀,使得下游河道的冲刷坑深度减小了34%,冲刷范围减小了35%,保障了左岸水电站的安全运行,推荐方案可为类似工程提供参考.In view of the problem that the energy dissipation area of a hydropower station was narrow and the tailrace canal of the left bank power station was easily affected,according to the idea of guiding the water tongue to the center of the stilling basin,the shape of the flip-flow guidance scheme and the surface flow diffusion scheme was modified.Finally,the recommended shape was the surface flow diffusion energy dissipater.The flow pattern,time-averaged pressure,pulsating pressure,velocity distribution,scour characteristics and energy dissipation rate of the original design shape and the recommended shape were compared and studied by means of model test and numerical simulation.The results show that the energy dissipation effect of the original narrow slit scheme is good,but the mainstream of the water tongue is concentrated on both sides of the left and right banks,resulting in local scour on both sides.The surface flow diffusion scheme allows the discharge of water to form a free surface flow pattern,and rapidly diffuses to the whole river channel.The energy dissipation area is expanded,which effectively reduces the time-averaged pressure,pulsating pressure and bottom velocity of the bottom plate,with the velocity and pressure distribution becoming more uniform.The scour pit depth of the downstream river channel is reduced by 34%,and the scour range is reduced by 35%,which ensures the safe operation of the left bank power station.The recommended scheme can provide reference for similar projects.

关 键 词：泄洪底孔 消能工体型 面流消能 冲刷特性 

分 类 号：S277.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]