汇通中外:二十世纪五六十年代广交会的贸易习惯  

Business Custom under Socialism:Commercial Practices of the Canton Fair in the 1950s and 1960s

作　　者：朱天啸 Zhu Tianxiao

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史学系

出　　处：《广东党史与文献研究》2024年第1期77-88,共12页

摘　　要：广交会是新中国成立后中国对外贸易的重要平台。早期广交会在二十世纪五六十年代逐步积累交易经验,形成一种特有的贸易习惯。这种习惯以“统一对外”为特点,反映了当时的社会主义价值观。交易团统一领导,各口岸协调报价,以统一的价格面对外商。广交会从客户和商品两方面建立中外商业的联系。在推销产品的过程中,广交会偏好一些稳定的客户,也会为发展新的客户而做一些调整。其推销的策略可以是主动降价提供优惠,也可以是缩减供货量以维持价格水平,或是推动多个报价相互竞争等。推销的策略主要考虑每一类商品当时的供求关系如何。广交会也收集外商对出口商品的反馈,改进或创新产品,并且深入研究对待客户的各种策略。香港地区等外销地区的消费趋势引导出口商品的设计和生产。这些贸易习惯围绕出口商品的定价和制造展开,体现了外贸当中竞争与合作并存的特点。As a contact zone of both the Chinese and foreign traders,the Canton Fair gradually accumulated experiences of transaction in the 1960s and formed its special business custom.The core of the business custom was“a unified approach in external dealings”.Each trade group had unified leadership,and all customs ports coordinated their prices,providing fl at prices for foreign businessmen without internal price competitions.Traders in the Chinese state corporations observed the international market and came up with reasonable prices to both stimulate transaction and increase export income.Moreover,the Canton Fair invited and cooperated with reliable foreign businessmen to gain market share in overseas regions.Feedbacks of Chinese export commodities were also brought to the trade fair by foreign businessmen so that China was able to learn about the consumption habits of foreign countries and improve their products.These commercial practices represented a socialist style of foreign trade,and positioned China in the international market.

关 键 词：广交会 贸易习惯 统一对外 出口贸易 社会主义 

分 类 号：K27[历史地理—历史学] F129[历史地理—中国史]