高寒区燕麦、豌豆农艺性状对氮添加和间作模式的响应  

Effects of nitrogen addition and intercropping patterns on agronomic traits of oats and peas in alpine regions

作　　者：冯晓云 张鹏[1,2] 李媛 马婧娟 梁国玲 鲍根生[1,2] FENG Xiaoyun;ZHANG Peng;LI Yuan;MA Jingjuan;LIANG Guoling;BAO Gensheng(Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China;Qinghai University Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Xining 810003,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810003

出　　处：《草业科学》2024年第3期718-730,共13页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：青海省科技厅应用基础研究(2022-ZJ-715);国家自然科学基金项目(32060398、U21A20239)。

摘　　要：间作种植与氮添加对高寒区燕麦(Avena sativa)和豌豆(Pisum sativum)农艺性状影响的研究报道较少。基于此,本研究以燕麦新品系‘青永久872’和饲用豌豆‘青建1号’为试验对象,比较间作种植模式和氮添加对间作燕麦、豌豆关键农艺性状的调控作用及产量的影响。结果表明:1)种植方式和氮添加均影响燕麦和豌豆农艺性状表现;2)低氮添加和隔行间作种植的燕麦、豌豆间作体系总土地当量比最高,且在N_(2)(50 kg·hm^(−2))和N_(3)(200 kg·hm^(−2))处理下燕麦种间竞争力强于豌豆;3)冗余分析(RDA)表明,种植方式和氮添加水平与燕麦株高、分蘖等与草产量相关的农艺性状正相关,氮添加水平与豌豆草产量相关农艺性状正相关,种植方式与豌豆种子产量相关农艺性状正相关;4)灰色关联分析表明,在未添加氮N1(0 kg·hm^(−2))时,单播燕麦分蘖和豌豆始荚节数、隔行间作燕麦单株籽粒数和豌豆荚数以及同行混合间作燕麦分蘖和豌豆荚数与草产量关联系数最大;在低氮添加N_(2)(50 kg·hm^(−2))时,单播燕麦分蘖和豌豆单株籽粒数、隔行间作燕麦粒长和豌豆荚数以及同行混合间作燕麦单株小穗数和豌豆单株籽粒数与草产量关联系数最大;在高氮添加N_(3)(200 kg·hm^(−2))时,单播燕麦茎粗和豌豆荚数、隔行间作燕麦单株籽粒重和豌豆单株籽粒数以及同行混合间作燕麦单株籽粒数和豌豆荚数与草产量关联系数最大。由此可见,合理安排种植方式和精准施氮是高寒区高品质栽培草地建植的关键。Few studies have focused on the effects of intercropping and nitrogen addition on the agronomic traits of oat(Avena sativa)and pea(Pisum sativum)in intercropping systems in alpine regions.Therefore,this study used a new oat line‘Qingyong jiu 872’and forage pea(‘Qingjian 1’)as experimental objects to compare the effects of intercropping patterns and nitrogen addition on the regulation of key agronomic traits and yield of oats and peas.The results showed that cropping patterns and nitrogen addition affected agronomic traits of oats and peas.The total land equivalent ratio of oat and pea cropping systems was highest under low N addition and intercropping,and the interspecific competitiveness of oat was stronger than that of pea under the N addition levels N_(2)(50 kg·ha^(−1))and N_(3)(200 kg·ha^(−1)).Redundancy Analysis(RDA)showed that planting pattern and nitrogen addition level were positively correlated with agrological traits related to grass yield,such as oat plant height and number of tillers per plant,whereas nitrogen addition level was positively correlated with agrological traits related to pea forage yield.Furthermore,the planting pattern was positively correlated with agrological traits related to pea seed yield.Grey correlation analysis showed that when nitrogen was not added[i.e.,N1(0 kg·ha^(−1))],the monocropping oat number of tillers and pea first pod nodes per plant,alternate-row intercropping oat number of seeds and pea number of pods per plant,and mixed intercropping oat number of tillers and pea number of pods per plant showed the highest correlation with forage yield.Under low nitrogen addition level[i.e.,N_(2)(50 kg·ha^(−1))],monocropping oat number of tillers and pea number of seeds per plant,alternate-row intercropping oat grain length and pea number of pods per plant,and mixed intercropping oat number of spikelets and pea number of seeds per plant showed the highest correlation with forage yield.Under high nitrogen addition level[i.e.,N_(3)(200 kg·ha^(−1))],monocropping

关 键 词：禾豆混播 农艺性状 土地当量比 种间竞争力 灰色关联分析 草产量 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]