某卫生陶瓷制品制造企业中3种粉尘职业健康风险评估方法的应用  

Application and comparison of three risk assessment methods for occupational health risk assessment of dust in a sanitary ceramic product manufacturing enterprise

作　　者：江松 蒋元强[1] 刘美霞[2] JIANG Song;JIANG Yuanqiang;LIU Meixia(Department of Sanitary Monitoring,Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 201620,China;Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control,Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200336,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市松江区疾病预防控制中心卫生监测科,上海201620 [2]上海市疾病预防控制中心健康危害因素监测与控制所,上海200336

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2024年第2期179-185,共7页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：上海市公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划重点学科建设计划项目(GWV-10.1-XK11)。

摘　　要：【目的】应用3种风险评估方法对某卫生陶瓷生产企业接触矽尘工作岗位开展健康风险评估,并对评估结果进行比较,探讨不同职业健康风险评估方法的适用性。【方法】选取上海市松江区1家大型卫生陶瓷制品制造企业,采用职业危害风险指数评估法、接触比值评估法和国际采矿与金属委员会定量职业健康风险评估法(ICMM定量评估法)对接触矽尘的工作岗位开展职业健康风险评估。采用加权Kappa法对3种方法的评估结果进行一致性检验。【结果】识别和检测该企业矽尘岗位14个,3个岗位矽尘呼吸性粉尘浓度超标,分别为2期车间复合成形岗位(0.80 mg·m^(-3))、2期车间加成形岗位(1.00 mg·m^(-3))和2期车间1F施釉岗位(1.50 mg·m^(-3)),超标率为21.42%。风险指数评估法评估无危害6个,轻度危害6个,中度危害2个。ICMM评估法评估潜在的风险6个,可容忍的风险2个,不可容忍的风险6个。接触比值评估法评估中等风险8个,高风险5个,极高风险1个。3种评估方法的评估结果一致性检验较差:风险指数评估法和ICMM评估法Kappa系数为0.15;风险指数评估法和接触比值评估法评估结果Kappa系数为−0.09;ICMM评估法和接触比值评估法Kappa系数为0.04。3种评估方法得出的RR值间均具有明显的相关性,RRICMM评估法与RR接触比评估法、RR风险指数评估法与RRICMM评估法、RR风险指数评估法与RR接触比值评估法相关系数(r)分别为0.915、0.604、0.594。评估结果等级与CTWA相关性较强的是接触比值评估法(r=0.864,P<0.001)、ICMM评估法(r=0.863,P<0.001),相关性中等的是风险指数评估法(r=0.632,P<0.05)。【结论】风险指数评估法适用于矽尘暴露水平较低的工作岗位,ICMM评估法和接触比值适用于矽尘暴露水平较高的工作岗位。但3种评估方法都存在局限性,在实际评估工作种同时运用多种方法更合理。[Objective]Three methods were applied to conduct occupational health risk assessment for the working positions exposed to silicon dusts in a sanitary ceramic manufacturing factory,and the evaluation results were compared to explore the applicability of different occupational health risk assessment methods.[Methods]One large sanitary ceramic product manufacturing enterprise in Songjiang District,Shanghai was selected to conduct occupational health risk assessment for the working positions exposed to silicon dusts,using occupational hazard risk index evaluation method,exposure ratio evaluation method,and International Council on Mining and Metals(ICMM)quantitative occupational health risk assessment method.The consistency of the evaluation results of the three methods was tested using weighted Kappa method.[Results]Fourteen working positions exposed to silicon dusts were identified,and three positions had excessive dust concentration:composite forming position of phase 2 workshop(0.80 mg·m^(−3)),addition forming position of phase 2 workshop(1.00 mg·m^(−3)),and glazing position of 1F in phase 2 workshop(1.50 mg·m^(−3)),with an excessive rate of 21.42%.The occupational hazard risk index evaluation method assessed 6 positions with no harm,6 positions with mild harm,and 2 positions with moderate harm.The ICMM quantitative occupational health risk assessment method assessed 6 positions with potential risks,2 positions with tolerable risks,and 6 positions with intolerable risks.The exposure ratio evaluation method assessed 8 positions with medium risk,5 positions with high risk,and 1 position with extremely high risk.The consistency test results of the three evaluation methods were poor.The Kappa coefficient between the occupational hazard risk index evaluation method and the ICMM quantitative occupational health risk assessment method was 0.15.The Kappa coefficient between the occupational hazard risk index evaluation method and the exposure ratio evaluation method was−0.09.The Kappa coefficient between the I

关 键 词：职业健康 风险评估 矽尘 方法及应用 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]